1. The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914

2. What is Imperialism? Imperialism is the domination by one country for the political, economic, or social life of another country or region.

3. According to the map which country is controlling the other?

4. What are the forms of Imperialism? Colony –Imperial nation controls all aspects of the weaker country (Political, Economic and Social) Government officials are sent from the stronger nation to run the weaker country Example: Protectorate –Weaker country has its own government –Imperial nation controls the policies of the weaker country militarily or diplomatically Example: Sphere of Influence –Imperial nations only control economic aspects of the nation through exclusive trading rights –Example:

5. What Forces Enabled Imperialism? Maxim gun – (1889). World’s first automatic machine gun. Railroads & Steamships – allowed Europeans to control their empire. Cure for Malaria – quinine protected Europeans from disease Ethnic and Cultural diversity – caused internal conflict and discouraged unity among some nations, especially Africa.

6. Why did European Countries Imperialize? EconomicPoliticalSocial Raw Materials for Industrialization Boost national pride and prestige Spread Religion Cheap LaborMilitary Naval bases, additional troops Social Darwinism – Survival of the fittest MoneyGain PowerWhite Man’s Burden New MarketsIncreased SecurityDesire to spread culture Places for settlersExpand TerritoryExploration

7. What is Social Darwinism? This is a great example of how science can influence social, political and economic values and actions! Darwin’s - Survival of the fittest applied to Society Who would be the “fittest” of the human species? ____________________

8. What is the “White Man’s Burden”? “Take up the White Man's burden-- -Send forth the best ye breed-“Take up the White Man's burden-- -Send forth the best ye breed- Go, bind your sons to exile -To serve your captives‘ need;Go, bind your sons to exile -To serve your captives‘ need; To wait, in heavy harness, -On fluttered folk and wild--To wait, in heavy harness, -On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught sullen peoples, -Half devil and half child.”Your new-caught sullen peoples, -Half devil and half child.”

9. Which motive do you think is the most praiseworthy? Which is the least? You Decide

10. Throughout the 1800s, an increased demand for both raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods led European nations to pursue policies of A. Imperialism B. Communism C. Nationalism D. Socialism 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

11. Which of the following is not a form of imperialism? A. Colony B. Sphere of Influence C. Empire D. Protectorate 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

12. Which of the following is not a force that enabled European countries to conquer weaker nations? A. Maxim Gun B. Ethnic Unity C. Quinine D. Railroads 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

13. Which of the following was not a reason for European colonization? A. The Industrial Revolution B. Social Darwinism C. Spread of Christianity D. Isolationism 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

14. What was the Scramble for Africa? Dr. David Livingston & Henry Stanley explored Africa Sent back news about the abundance of natural resources Reports set off a fierce competition for colonies in Africa.

15. What was the Berlin Conference of 1885? 14 Nations met in Berlin, Germany and agreed to partition Africa Africa was divided in many pieces with no regard for the people living there Tribal regions were split between imperialist nations Enemy tribes often found themselves together within the same borders

16. By 1914 European nations controlled 90% of Africa

17. Which nations were not colonized by 1914?

18. What does it mean to partition? 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930 1.Conquer 2.Divide 3.Ignore 4.Destroy

19. What was the Berlin Conference of 1885? 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930 A.A meeting to end imperialism in Africa B.A meeting to partition Africa with no regard to the ethnic and tribal diversity C.A meeting to discuss the building of the Berlin Wall D.A meeting to partition China with no regard to the people living there

20. The Building of the Suez Canal Artificial waterway connecting Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea Built by French Businessman Ferdinand De Lesseps

21. Suez Canal Important link between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, essentially, providing a shortcut between Europe and Asia The British gained control of the canal in 1875 when Egypt sold its canal shares to the British to pay off its debts. British influence increased and helped to put down a revolt by a nationalist leader Egypt became a British protectorate

22. Who was King Leopold and what did he want with the Congo? King Leopold was the monarch of Belgium. Leopold sought the Congo for its rich natural resources of rubber, ivory and cheap labor. In 1882 a treaty was signed with local chiefs of the Congo River valley. The treaties gave King Leopold II of Belgium personal control over the land.

23. How did King Leopold treat the natives? Leopold licensed companies that brutally exploited Africans, by forcing them to collect sap from rubber plants. Africans harvesting rubber in the Congo.

24. The system was unusually exploitative and brutal, even in Colonial Africa. Whipping was a common form of punishment for workers who did not meet their quotas or who disobeyed the white man's rules.

25. The man lost his hand from ropes tied too tight by Belgian Rubber Company soldiers. The boy lost his hand from soldiers that wanted to claim him as a kill.

26. A man who refused to go work in the rubber plantation looks at the severed foot and hand of his 5 year old daughter.

27. What were the effects of Leopold’s conquest of The Congo? He killed thousands of natives He depleted the resources such as elephants and rubber

28. You Decide 1.Based on the previous images, why do you think King Leopold conducted such serious penalties on the Congolese people? 2.What do you think could be done to stop these crimes against humanity?

29. 3. Based on this picture and what you have just learned, what do you think is King Leopold’s primary interest in the Congo? 4. Create a title for this picture.

30. What really happened? The World Demanded Changes Much of Europe frowned upon these atrocities He could no longer get loans for his work in the Congo and had to borrow money from the Belgium Government. In 1908 Belgium took the lands for itself and renamed it the Belgian Congo. Many of the hardships of the natives were reduced and living conditions were improved.

31. Who was the first to imperialize the Congo? 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930 1.King Leopold of Belgium 2.The country of Belgium 3.The country of Great Britain 4.King James of England

32. Why did King Leopold want to imperialize the Congo? 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930 1.He wanted the diamonds that were there 2.He wanted it for his own personal use 3.He wanted to exploit the cheap labor, and for rubber, and ivory 4.Both 2 and 3

33. What were the effects of King Leopold’s control of the Congo 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930 A.Leopold mistreated the natives and left thousands dead B.Leopold stripped the land of its resources C.Leopold used the land and its people for his own personal gain D.All of the above

34. South Africa and the Boer War Dutch settlers came to South Africa in 1652 and established Cape Town They were known as the Afrikaners The British had seized control of this land in the early 1800’s due to its strategic trade location The Afrikaners resented the British, especially since they did not allow slave labor

35. Zulus 10,000 Afrikaners, or Boers, as the British called them (dutch for farmers) decided to move north to leave British rule Set up new states that did not allow for equality for black Africans The Zulu (located where the Boers settled) fought the Boers. The British became involved in the battles and finally defeated the Zulu

36. Boer War Conflict between Dutch and British over land British wanted their new land for diamonds and gold British wanted all of South Africa under their control Anger by the Dutch (Boers) erupted in war, which the British won after three years

37. POSITIVE NEGATIVE European medicine & improved nutrition increased life span of Africans. This caused an increase in population. Modern transportation & communications; telegraphs, railroads, steamships, and telephones which had been created to remove the natural resources were left behind A small minority received improved education and economic opportunities. European domination led to an erosion of traditional African values Africa was divided with no regard for the cultural and ethnic diversity African peoples were treated a s inferior. Forced to work long hours for low pay. Europeans divided up Africa ignoring tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries. These divisions have led to ongoing tribal clashes

38. Think Pair Share Which effect do you think had the most lasting effect on Africa? Why?