1. The Scramble for Africa Unit 2

2. DO NOW: What does this image make you think about African empires? Unit 2: Scramble for Africa: Lesson 13

3. Success Criteria MUST: Be able to understand what is meant by the Scramble for Africa Understand what the causes of colonisation were SHOULD: Understand the concept of Social Darwinism COULD: Make judgements about which of the causes of colonisation were the most important Understand the link between industrialisation and colonialism

4. African civilizations before colonisation Map showing African civilizations from 500BC-1500AD

5. By 1876:

6. The Scramble for Africa Motives for the Colonization of Africa

8. DO NOW: What was the scramble for Africa? Unit 2: Scramble for Africa: Lesson 14

9. Causes of colonisation Economic Political Religious Ideological

10. Raw materials were taken out of Africa and used to produce goods back in the home country. ECONOMIC MOTIVES: NEED FOR RAW MATERIALS

11. Source "There are forty million people in the Congo, and the cotton spinners of Manchester are waiting to clothe them " Oxford in Search of Social Sciences, grade 8, 2006 ECONOMIC MOTIVES: NEED FOR NEW MARKETS

12. Political Motives  Many European states were in a race to see who could grab the most land and wealth.  No country wanted to be left behind  Some parts of Africa were on strategic trade routes.  In acquiring more land overseas, these countries increased their countries’ wealth  It became an issue of status between European Countries

14. Religious Motives Missionary pursuits Christianity is superior To spread Christianity, To convert many people Teach people a European way of life

16. Nationalism and pride National pride meant building up wealth and land. Africa was a place that had lots of land available Justified by the ideology of Social Darwinism IDEOLOGICAL MOTIVES

17. Read bottom of p 774 – top of p 775 and write one sentence explaining what is meant by SOCIAL DARWINISM

18. Source "I beg to direct your attention to Africa. I know that in a few years I shall be cut off in that country, which is now open. Do not let it be shut again! I go back to Africa to try to make an open path for commerce and Christianity. Do carry on the work which I have begun. I leave it with you," David Livingstone Cambridge on December 4, 1857

19. The White Man's Burden Rudyard Kipling 'Take up the White Man's burden The savage wars of peace Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch Sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hope to nought.... 'Take up the White Man's burden Ye dare not stoop to less Nor call too loud on Freedom To cloak your weariness; By all ye cry or whisper, By all ye leave or do, The silent, sullen peoples Shall weigh your Gods, and you. 'Take up the White Man's burden Have done with childish days The lightly proffered laurel, The easy, ungrudged praise. Come now, to search your manhood Through all the thankless years, Cold-edged with dear-bought wisdom, The judgement of your peers!' From 'The Five Nations' Rudyard Kipling

20. An American cartoon depicting Britain taking African territory (circa. 1900)‏

21. An extract from a speech entitled 'The True Imperialism' made by Lord Curzon at Birmingham Town Hall in 1907 "Wherever the Empire has extended its borders... there misery and oppression, anarchy and destitution, superstition and bigotry, have tended to disappear, and have been replaced by peace, justice, prosperity, humanity, and freedom of thought, speech, and action...... But there also has sprung, what I believe to be unique in the history of Empires, a passion of loyalty and enthusiasm which makes the heart of the remotest British citizen thrill at the thought of the destiny which he shares, and causes him to revere a particular piece of coloured bunting as the symbol of all that is noblest in his own nature and of best import for the good of the world "

22. Rhodes cartoon caption The Rhodes Colossus, an 1892 caricature of Cecil Rhodes after announcing plans for a telegraph line from Cape Town to Cairo. For Punch by Edward Linley Sambourne.

23. Sources

24. The Scramble for Africa Why were European countries able to colonise so quickly? Unit 2: Scramble for Africa: Lesson 15

25. DO NOW: Unit 2: Scramble for Africa: Lesson 15 You have been given a list of the problems which had previously prevented Europeans from colonising Africa and the solutions which allowed the Europeans to colonise Africa quickly in the nineteenth century. For each one, identify why the solution solved the problem.

26. The Discovery of Quinine The discovery of quinine enabled Europeans to explore and colonise Africa without fear of getting Malaria

27. Rivalries between different African Leaders Rivalries between different African leaders meant that the colonists could use this in fighting to their advantage. It often meant that the colonisers took the African leader's power and land

28. Natural disasters In 1895 there was a huge drought that effected many parts of Africa. This meant that there were a shortage of food because the crops had failed. There was a plague of locusts, that arrived during this time devastating any food stores that were left As a result they had little to strength to fight colonial powers

29. The introduction of the machine gun to Africa The invention of the machine gun was devastating for the cause of African people. Their weapons were not as sophisticated or as effective as European weapons. With the the machine gun the Europeans were able to take land by force and very quickly.

30. Transport Earlier European exploration in Africa was limited because the only mode of transport were horses. African horse sicknesses meant that Europeans were limited in being able to travel inland. With the invention of the steam ship, Europeans would travel up Africa’s rivers and access the inland territories.

31. Let’s watch…. Wait for it… Crash Course! THINK: What role did the Industrial Revolution play in the Scramble for Africa?

32. The Berlin Conference 1884

33. The context of the Berlin conference The Berlin conference wasn’t the beginning of colonialism in Africa – Europeans had been involved in trading in Africa for hundreds of years before this. France and Belgium had been racing to gain control of the Congo and Britain and France had been vying for power in Egypt and West Africa. However, the Berlin conference did mark a turning point in Europe’s relationship with Africa because it made it clear to all the delegates that the rush to grab colonies in Africa had begun in earnest.

34. What was the Berlin conference? The conference was called by Chancellor Bismarck, who had been responsible for creating a series of alliances between European countries to try and keep a balance of power. Germany had recently become interested in creating its own colonial empire and this conference was an opportunity for the Chancellor to try and get some control over Britain, who were the leaders in the colonial race at this time. The conference was focussed on the issue of the Congo region and West Africa and between the formal and informal negotiations, the boundaries of the different colonies in these areas were decided. The conference also set the rules by which countries could take over new territory.

35. What was the outcome? It took a number of years after the Berlin Conference for Africa to be completely divided by the European powers. People often think that the conference delegates sat down and divided up the whole map of Africa, but this is not the case. What the conference did produce was the sense of urgency that led to the ‘Scramble for Africa’.

36. Why did it happen when it did? There had been a series of mini scrambles over territory in Africa and the tension around taking over new colonies was building. Bismarck wanted to keep the balance of power, while still ensuring that Germany benefitted. There was a growing sense in European countries that having colonies in Africa would lead to wealth and prestige.

37. The final result: Africa completely colonised

38. Exit Ticket: What was the most important reason that Europeans were able to colonise so quickly?