1. Search & Rescue Ins and Outs Presented for use by Emory Arnold For

2. Search and Rescue

3. Building Orientation Building Orientation Search Orientation Search Orientation Primary & Secondary Search Primary & Secondary Search Search Methods Search Methods Search Priorities Search Priorities Search Area Safety Search Area Safety Rescue vs. Recovery Rescue vs. Recovery Vent-Enter-Search Vent-Enter-Search Oriented Person Search Oriented Person Search Traditional Search Traditional Search Search Progress Search Progress

4. Building Orientation 360 Degree walk around before entering 360 Degree walk around before entering Mental Picture of _______________ Mental Picture of _______________ Doors/ Windows Doors/ Windows Fire Location/Smoke Conditions Fire Location/Smoke Conditions Is it occupied? Is it occupied? CAN YOU GET OUT IF CONDITIONS WORSEN CAN YOU GET OUT IF CONDITIONS WORSEN Structure type Structure type Residential/Public Residential/Public

5. Building Orientation Cont. Occupancy Occupancy Time of Day Time of Day Type of Occupancy Type of Occupancy Vehicle in drive Vehicle in drive Bystanders or building occupants Bystanders or building occupants Questions if somebody is said to be inside: Questions if somebody is said to be inside: Where were they last seen? Where were they last seen? How old are they? How old are they? Physical or mental handicapped? Physical or mental handicapped?

6. Side A

7. Side C

8. Search Orientation What methods are used to stay oriented? What methods are used to stay oriented? Left & Right Hand Search Left & Right Hand Search Search lines Search lines Used to anchor to objects that won’t move Used to anchor to objects that won’t move How will partners stay in contact? How will partners stay in contact? Discuss landmarks (type of room or hazards) Discuss landmarks (type of room or hazards) Voice contact in small room searches Voice contact in small room searches Using tools, rope, or actual contact Using tools, rope, or actual contact

9. Search Area Safety Evaluate structural stability Evaluate structural stability Evaluate for backdraft or flashover conditions Evaluate for backdraft or flashover conditions Continue to reevaluate the operation’s safety Continue to reevaluate the operation’s safety Determine Structure type, possibility of collapse, and life safety risk. Determine Structure type, possibility of collapse, and life safety risk. Check integrity of the floor in front of you at all times Check integrity of the floor in front of you at all times Check overhead for high heat or flames Check overhead for high heat or flames Do not risk firefighter safety for victims who cannot be saved Do not risk firefighter safety for victims who cannot be saved If visibility is poor, consider ventilation before entry If visibility is poor, consider ventilation before entry Always have a search plan prior to entry Always have a search plan prior to entry

10. Safe Search Priniciples Communications Communications With command, team members, attack crews With command, team members, attack crews Accountability Accountability Look out for each other Look out for each other Team Work Team Work Air Supply Air Supply Orientation Orientation Keep a mental picture of where you are. Keep a mental picture of where you are.

11. 10 Commandments to Safe Primary Search and Rescue 1. Search with a partner 2. Conduct a thorough size up 3. Carry a tool and handlight 4. Use all of your PPE 5. Control the door 6. Have a plan 7. Stay in contact with a wall 8. Ensure people (IC) know where you are 9. Monitor fire conditions 10. Remain oriented

12. Procedures for Conduction S/R What factors dictate location of Primary Search? What factors dictate location of Primary Search? What area of a building are searched first? What area of a building are searched first? What is the role of Thermal Imaging in Primary & Secondary Search? What is the role of Thermal Imaging in Primary & Secondary Search? What are the limitations of TIC’s? What are the limitations of TIC’s?

13. Use Tools Rope Used to Extend Reach 1 Firefighter Oriented in Hall Use tools to sweep under likely Hiding places. Sound the Floor TIC’s Save Time

14. Rescue Vs. Recovery

15. Primary Search Quick attempt to locate victims who are in danger. Quick attempt to locate victims who are in danger. Time is critical Time is critical Check all areas where victims might be. Check all areas where victims might be. Rely on sight, sound, and touch Rely on sight, sound, and touch Use hand tools to extend your reach Use hand tools to extend your reach Check probable areas that are tenable and safe for you to search quickly. Check probable areas that are tenable and safe for you to search quickly.

17. Prioritizing Search Areas How do you determine where a search will begin? What areas will be searched first? How is time of day a factor in your search? What other factors are included in your decisions on where to search? 1. Most severely threatened 2. The largest numbers (groups) 3. Remainder of fire area 4. The exposed areas

18. Search Priorities What does the car tell you???

20. Vent – Enter - Search Ventilate Ventilate Open up a small area of the structure as a bedroom by opening a window Open up a small area of the structure as a bedroom by opening a window Enter Enter Through the window and proceed immediately to the door and ensure the door is closed to protect from fire Through the window and proceed immediately to the door and ensure the door is closed to protect from fire Search Search The room quickly and exit the way you came into the room The room quickly and exit the way you came into the room

21. V-E-S Safety Communicate with IC Communicate with IC Always work with a partner Always work with a partner Watch out for fire spread Watch out for fire spread Check integrity of room surface before entry Check integrity of room surface before entry Have a hose line available Have a hose line available Don’t enter too close to fire or in path of fire spread unless you can exit quickly. Don’t enter too close to fire or in path of fire spread unless you can exit quickly.

24. Oriented Person Search Method Emphasizes team search methods Emphasizes team search methods Must have a predetermined plan and this must be practiced before use Must have a predetermined plan and this must be practiced before use This method is ideal for use when small rooms are involved This method is ideal for use when small rooms are involved Search leader remains oriented to one place in structure Search leader remains oriented to one place in structure On hose or rope line On hose or rope line In entry way to room In entry way to room In hallway In hallway Oriented persons job is to guide the searching firefighter back to them Oriented persons job is to guide the searching firefighter back to them Searching firefighter will use traditional search methods while working inside a room Searching firefighter will use traditional search methods while working inside a room Right hand, left hand, quick primary search sweeps Right hand, left hand, quick primary search sweeps

26. Traditional Search Search in teams of two Search in teams of two Remain in visual, voice, or physical contact Remain in visual, voice, or physical contact At least one team member must have a radio and be in contact with the IC At least one team member must have a radio and be in contact with the IC Maintain contact with a wall Maintain contact with a wall Progress through structure on same wall Progress through structure on same wall Make turns in same direction to return to the point that you entered from Make turns in same direction to return to the point that you entered from Notify IC when search of each area is complete Notify IC when search of each area is complete

27. Right Hand Search

28. Secondary Search Thorough search conducted after the situation is under control. Thorough search conducted after the situation is under control. Locates victims not discovered in primary. Locates victims not discovered in primary. Completed when conditions improve but may still present hazard. IDLH? Completed when conditions improve but may still present hazard. IDLH? Slow and methodical covering all areas Slow and methodical covering all areas Use several teams of firefighters Use several teams of firefighters Include all areas of the building. Include all areas of the building.

29. Search Progress “All Clear” is given once primary and secondary searches have been completed. “All Clear” is given once primary and secondary searches have been completed. Mark rooms that have been searched Mark rooms that have been searched Give an example of a radio report after the primary search reveals no victims? Give an example of a radio report after the primary search reveals no victims? What actions need to be taken upon finding a victim? What actions need to be taken upon finding a victim?

30. Review Describe 3 types of search patterns or techniques. Describe 3 types of search patterns or techniques. What tools are used during primary search What tools are used during primary search Discuss the time of day and probabilities factors relating to primary search Discuss the time of day and probabilities factors relating to primary search What landmarks can you use to help identify the basic layout of the interior of a astructure from the outside. Why is it important? What landmarks can you use to help identify the basic layout of the interior of a astructure from the outside. Why is it important?

31. QUESTIONS?