1. Plant Biology Plant Cell Evolution Life Cycles Structures Transport
Hormones
Tropisms
Photoperiodism

5. Auxin – Cytokinens – Gibberillins – Ethylene – Abscisic acid –
Promotes plant cell growth, apical dominance and cell elongation
Cytokinens –
Cell growth in roots, removes axilary buds from apical dominance,
Gibberillins –
Cell elongation between nodes, seed germination, fruit development, seedless fruits
Ethylene –
Fruit ripening, leaf abscission, (gas)
Abscisic acid –
Closing of stomata, maintains seed dormancy

6. Heteroorphic – sporophyte and gametophyte have different morphologies

15. Steele is larger in the monocot
Pith only in monocot
Region between root and steele is called the cortex
Ground tissue mostly parenchyma fills this region
Endodermis foums bundary between cortex and steels

18. Root endodermis monocot

27. A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest
A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, the following characteristics are noted: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte phases, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to *
mosses.
Chara.
ferns.
liverworts.
flowering plants.
Answer: 3
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #35.
Discussion Notes for the Instructor
This question would be very useful for helping students understand how to apply the diversity information to new situations. The discussion centers on how particular characteristics allow the students to eliminate choices, resulting in the best choice remaining.

28. A botanist discovers a new species of plant with a dominant sporophyte, chlorophyll a and b, and a cell wall made of cellulose. In assigning this plant to a division, all of the following would provide useful information except whether or not the plant has *
endosperm.
seeds.
flagellated sperm.
flowers.
starch.
Answer: e
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #50.
Discussion Notes for the Instructor
This question would be very useful for helping students understand how to apply the diversity information to new situations. The discussion would center on how the choices relate to important characteristics of different plant groups. Choice E is the exception because all plants contain starch.

29. Assume that a botanist was visiting a tropical region for the purpose of discovering plants with medicinal properties. All of the following might be ways of identifying potentially useful plants except
observing which plants sick animals seek out.
observing which plants are the most used food plants.
observing which plants animals do not eat.
collecting plants and subjecting them to chemical analysis.
asking local people which plants they use as medicine.
Answer: b
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #52.

30. What is one result of an organism having meristems?
a rapid change from juvenile to adult state
a seasonal change in leaf morphology
a rapid change from a vegetative state to a reproductive state
indeterminate, life-long growth
production of a fixed number of segments during growth
Answer: 4
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question 20 .

31. One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that
only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem.
the cells of roots have cell walls that are lacking in leaf cells.
a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent in roots.
vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves.
leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not.
Answer: 3
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #33.

32. While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces colored spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, which information can be inferred?
The differently colored plants will attract different pollinating insects.
The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues.
The colored regions were caused by mutations that took place in the sepals.
The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals.
More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis.
Answer: 4
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #52.

33. Which of these statements about human evolution is true?
The ancestors of Homo sapiens were chimpanzees and other apes.
Human evolution has proceeded in an orderly fashion from an ancestral anthropoid to Homo sapiens.
The evolution of upright posture and enlarged brain occurred simultaneously.
Different features have evolved at different rates.
Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that modern humans are genetically very similar to Neanderthals.
Answer: 4
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #71.

34. What mechanism explains the movement of sucrose from source to sink?
evaporation of water and active transport of sucrose from the sink
osmotic movement of water into the sucrose-loaded sieve-tube members creating a higher hydrostatic pressure in the source than in the sink
tension created by the differences in hydrostatic pressure in the source and sink
active transport of sucrose through the sieve-tube cells driven by proton pumps
the hydrolysis of starch to sucrose in the mesophyll cells that raises their water potential and drives the bulk flow of sap to the sink
Answer: b
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #18 .

35. The main mechanism(s) determining the direction of short-distance transport within a potato tuber is (are)
diffusion due to concentration differences and bulk flow due to pressure differences.
pressure flow through the phloem.
active transport due to the hydrolysis of ATP and ion transport into the tuber cells.
determined by the structure and function of the tonoplast of the tuber cells.
not affected by temperature and pressure.
Answer: a
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #10.

36. A water molecule could move all the way through a plant from soil to root to leaf to air and pass through a living cell only once. This living cell would be a part of which structure?
the Casparian strip
a guard cell
the root epidermis
the endodermis
the root cortex
Answer: d
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #24.

37. Photosynthesis begins to decline when leaves wilt because
flaccid cells are incapable of photosynthesis.
CO2 accumulates in the leaves and inhibits photosynthesis.
there is insufficient water for photolysis during light reactions.
stomata close, preventing CO2 entry into the leaf.
the chlorophyll of flaccid cells cannot absorb light.
Answer: d
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #43.

38. Water flows into the source end of a sieve tube because
sucrose has diffused into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic.
sucrose has been actively transported into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic.
water pressure outside the sieve tube forces in water.
the companion cell of a sieve tube actively pumps in water.
sucrose has been dumped from the sieve tube by active transport.
Answer: b
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #56.

39. In the pressure-flow hypothesis of translocation, what causes the pressure?
root pressure
the osmotic uptake of water by sieve tubes at the source
the accumulation of minerals and water by the stele in the root
the osmotic uptake of water by the sieve tubes of the sink
hydrostatic pressure in xylem vessels
Answer: b
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #61.

40. What does self-incompatibility provide for a plant?
means of transferring pollen to another plant
a means of coordinating the fertilization of an egg with the development of stored nutrients
a means of destroying foreign pollen before it fertilizes the egg cell
a biochemical block to self-fertilization so that cross-fertilization is assured
a means of producing seeds without the need for fertilization
Answer: d
Source: Taylor - Student Study Guide for Biology, Sixth Edition, Test Your Knowledge Question #15.

41. What is the relationship between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants? *
Fertilization precedes pollination.
Pollination easily occurs between plants of different species.
Pollen is formed within megasporangia so that male and female gametes are near each other.
Pollination brings gametophytes together so that fertilization can occur.
If fertilization occurs, pollination is unnecessary.
Answer: d
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #34.
Discussion Notes for the Instructor
This question focuses on the conceptual difference between pollination and fertilization.
The follow-up questions might include
• What is the difference between pollination and fertilization?
• Where does pollination take place?
• Where does fertilization take place?

42. The heavy line in this figure illustrates the relationship between auxin concentration and cell growth in stem tissues. If the same range of concentrations was applied to lateral buds, what curve would probably be produced? *
I only
II only
III only
II and III
either I or III
Answer: 1
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #29.
Discussion Notes for the Instructor
While this question provides for a good discussion of the function of auxin in plants it is even more useful as a reminder of the different impacts of a single hormone on different tissues This also leads to a broader discussion of signal transduction pathways and receptors.

43. A botanist exposed two groups of plants (of the same species) to two photoperiods, one with 14 hours of light and 10 hours of dark and the other with 10 hours of light and 14 hours of dark. Under the first set of conditions, the plants flowered, but they failed to flower under the second set of conditions. Which of the following conclusions would be consistent with these results?
The critical night length is 14 hours.
The plants are short-day plants.
The critical day length is 10 hours.
The plants can convert phytochrome to florigen.
The plants flower in the spring.
Answer: 5
Source: Barstow - Test Bank for Biology, Sixth Edition, Question #52.