1. Summit Recovery and Wellness Fair September 11, 2015

2. Adverse Childhood Experiences Study Adverse Childhood Experiences Study Collaboration between Kaiser Permanente and CDC 17,000 patients undergoing physical exam provided detailed information about childhood experiences of abuse, neglect and family dysfunction (1995-1997) 2

3. ACE Categories Abuse Emotional Physical Sexual Neglect Emotional Physical Household Dysfunction Mother Treated Violently Household Substance Abuse Household Mental Illness Parental Separation or Divorce Incarcerated Household Member 3

4. What is Trauma? Individual trauma results from an event, series of events, or a set of circumstances that is experienced by an individual as physically or emotionally harmful or threatening and that has lasting adverse effects on the individual’s functioning and physical, social, emotional, or spiritual well- being (SAMHSA) 4

5. What is Trauma? The individual’s experience of these events or circumstances helps to determine whether it is a traumatic event. The long-lasting adverse effects on an individual are the result of the individual’s experience of the event or circumstance. 5

6. The Science on ACEs... 6 New lens through which to understand the human story Why we suffer How we parent, raise and mentor our children How we might better prevent, treat and manage illness in our medical care systems How we can recover and heal on deeper levels

7. ACE Pyramid 7

8. Effects of Trauma on Neurocognitive Development 8

9. Potential Traumatic Events Slide 9 Abuse EmotionalSexualPhysicalDomestic violenceWitnessing violenceBullyingCyberbullingInstitutional Loss DeathAbandonmentNeglectSeparationNatural disasterAccidentsTerrorismWar Chronic Stressors PovertyRacismInvasive medical procedureCommunity traumaHistorical trauma Family member with substance use disorder

10. Experience of Trauma Experience of trauma affected by: HowWhenWhere How Often Slide 10

11. Experience Continued Slide 11 Context, expectations, and meaning Threat to life, bodily integrity, or sanity Interventions Humiliation, betrayal, or silencing Subconscious or unrecognized

12. Prevalence of Trauma Exposure to trauma is widespread Trauma can occur at any age Trauma can affect individuals from all walks of life 12

13. Prevalence of Trauma Exposure to trauma is especially common among individuals with Mental illness Substance use disorders Developmental disabilities 13

14. Trauma Affects… Over one out of three females with mental health disorder; and About one out of five males with mental health disorder in Ohio 61 percent of men and 51 percent of women reported experiencing at least one trauma in their lifetime. Most common: Witnessing a trauma Being involved in a natural disaster Experiencing a life- threatening accident Source: Client Self-Reported Experiences of Trauma, SFY13, Ohio Behavioral Health Module National Comorbidity Study, Kessler, et.al. 1999

15. Trauma Affects… Over one out of four females with a substance use disorder; and About one out of ten males with a substance use disorder in Ohio 71.6 reported witnessing trauma 30.7 percent experienced a trauma that resulted in injury 17.3 percent experienced psychological trauma Source: Client Self-Reported Experiences of Trauma, SFY13, Ohio Behavioral Health Module National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, El-Gabalawy,2012

16. Trauma Affects Ohioans with Developmental Disabilities... Neglect 1116 366 Physical Abuse 310 Verbal Abuse 83 Sexual Abuse CRN Validation Cube. Ohio Department of Developmental Disabilities 2013.

17. Persons with Developmental Disabilities...  Increased risk for abuse as compared to the general population (Gil, 1970; Mahoney & Camilo, 1998; Ryan, 1994)  Over four times as likely to be victims of crime (Sobsey, 1996)  Two – ten times more likely to sexually abused than those without disabilities (Westat Ind., 1993)  Often experience rejection and loneliness (Pitonyak)

18. Persons with Developmental Disabilities... One out of every three children and adults with developmental disabilities will experience abuse in their lifetime More that 90% of the time, that abuse will be inflicted by the very person they rely on to protect and support them With limited verbal skills, they may not have been able to tell anyone. And just because the actual traumatic event is over, it continues to play out in one's response to future situations Choose to judge behavior less and seek to understand what might be underneath and behind it; we must always be particularly cautious of seeing behavior as attention-seeking or manipulative Envision, July 2014

19. Trauma Affects Ohio’s Children 19 Public Children’s Services Association of Ohio Fact Book, 12 th Edition 2015-1016 26% Other Dependency 31% 25% Neglect 10% Delinquency/ unruly 5% Physical Abuse 3% Sexual Abuse

20. Impact of Addiction: In 2013, 15,000 Ohio children of a substance-abusing guardian entered the county child-welfare system At least half of these children remained in the county’s custody for more than 300 days compared with the average 70-day stay Child abuse and neglect reports in which heroin was listed as a factor increased from 4.9% of total reports in 2010 to 8.9% 2013 Trauma Affects Ohio’s Children... Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, Office of Families and Children

21. Trauma Affects Ohioans with Domestic Violence... Domestic Violence Calls (68,000) Victims (56,000) Arrests (41,000) Barbara Warner Committee on Workplace Domestic Violence -2013 Report, Ohio Department of Health Ohio Domestic Violence Statistics, 2012, Ohio Domestic Violence Network HealthDay, Copyright © 2013

22. Trauma Affects Ohioans with Domestic Violence... Of families who experience intimate partner violence: Four out of five adult children commit violence against partners Three out of four adult children become victims of domestic violence Children exposed to domestic violence may develop a wide range of problems, including interpersonal skill deficits, psychological and emotional problems such as depression and PTSD, and externalizing behavior problems. Barbara Warner Committee on Workplace Domestic Violence -2013 Report, Ohio Department of Health Ohio Domestic Violence Statistics, 2012, Ohio Domestic Violence Network HealthDay, Copyright © 2013 Carlson, B. E. (2000). Children exposed to intimate partner violence: Research findings and implications for ntervention. Trauma, Violence and Abuse, 1(4), 321-342.

23. Ohio ranks fifth among all US states in human trafficking 1000 Ohio children are estimated to become victims of human trafficking each year NOT FOR SALE http://humantrafficking.ohio.gov Trauma Affects Ohioans Who Are Victims of Human Trafficking...

24. Trauma Affects Older Ohioans... Around 15,000 cases of elder abuse are reported in Ohio every year but the actual number of cases is much higher A 2010 statewide assessment of family domestic violence in Ohio estimated that about 115,000 seniors experience abuse, neglect or financial exploitation at the hands of a caregiver In the general population, approximately 70% to 90% of adults aged 65 and up have been exposed to at least one potentially traumatic event during their lifetime Greater lifetime trauma exposure was related to poorer self-rated health, more chronic health problems, and more functional difficulties Policy Matters Ohio, May 2014 Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 409-418

25. Number of ACE Categories 25 ACE SCOREWOMENMENTOTAL 034.538.036.1 124.527.926.0 215.516.415.9 310.38.69.5 4 or more15.29.212.5

26. ACE Score and Health Risk As the ACE score increases, risk for these health problems increases in a strong and graded fashion: Alcoholism and alcohol abuse Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Depression Hallucinations Fetal death Health-related quality of life Illicit drug use Ischemic heart disease (IHD) Liver disease Risk for intimate partner violence Multiple sexual partners Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Smoking Suicide attempts Unintended pregnancies Early initiation of smoking Early initiation of sexual activity Adolescent pregnancy HIV 26

27. ACE Categories 27 (Aces Connection, 2014)

28. ACE score and current smoking 28 A child with 6 or more categories of adverse childhood experiences is 250% more likely to become an adult smoker. Smoking may not be caused by existence of local gas station availability or genetic predisposition

29. Childhood experiences and adult alcoholism 29 A 500% increase in adult alcoholism is directly related to adverse childhood experiences. 2/3rds of all alcoholism can be attributed to adverse childhood experiences This certainly suggests that alcoholism, contrary to popular belief, may not be simply a disease – but rather be a means by which the individual has learned to ease the pain of the trauma – or to balance his/her nervous system – e.g. sooth anxiety. Important ALWAYS to address and treat trauma along with alcoholism. Alcoholic

30. ACE score and IV drug use 30 A male child with an ACE score of 6 has a 4,600% increase in the likelihood that he will become an IV drug user later in life 78% of drug injection by women can be attributed to ACEs

31. Childhood experiences underlie suicide risk 31 The likelihood of adult suicide attempts increased 30-fold, or 3,000%, with an ACE score of 7 or more.

32. Cost of Trauma Trauma is a major driver of medical illness, including cardiac disease and cancer Addressing trauma can positively impact the physical, behavioral, social and economic health of Ohio and Ohioans 32

33. What is Trauma Informed? A program, organization or system that is trauma- informed: Realizes the widespread prevalence and impact of trauma Understands potential paths for healing Recognizes the signs and symptoms of trauma and how trauma affects all people in the organization, including: Patients Staff Others involved with the system Responds by fully integrating knowledge about trauma into practices, policies, procedures, and environment. 33

34. Key Principles of Trauma-Informed Care Safety Trustworthiness and transparency Collaboration and mutuality Empowerment Voice and choice Peer support and mutual self-help Cultural, historical and gender issues Resiliency and strength-based 34

35. Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Promotes Cultural Change 35 “What’s wrong with you?” “What has happened to you?”

36. Outcomes with TIC Improved quality of care and impact of care Improved safety for patients and staff Decreased utilization of seclusion and restraint Fewer no-shows Improved patient engagement Improved patient satisfaction Improved staff satisfaction Decreased “burnout” and staff turnover 36

37. Ohio’s Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Initiative Vision: To advance Trauma-Informed Care in Ohio Mission: To expand opportunities for Ohioans to receive trauma- informed interventions by enhancing efforts for practitioners, facilities, and agencies to become competent in trauma- informed practices 37

38. 38 Ohio’s Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Initiative Infiltration of TIC in Regional Psychiatric Hospitals (RPHs) Goal: RPH infrastructure will support cultural and environmental changes that support effective care and excellent outcomes. RPHS will be recovery-oriented; trauma-informed; culturally and linguistically competent; and address health and wellness. Progress to date: June 2013: Initial training of MHAS Central Office and Regional Psychiatric Hospital (RPH) leadership in TIC On-site training of clinical and support staff at all RPHs 2013-2014 Continued consultation from the National Center for Trauma-Informed Care (NCTIC) on next steps in Hospital Services Launch of TIC research study in collaboration with OSU College of Social to explore implementation of TIC at two psychiatric hospitals and focusing on two implementation variables: readiness for change and implementation climate Clinical Safety Initiative Trauma Informed CareSafe Physical Interventions Assault preventionSeclusion and Restraint Prevention Goal is for staff and patients to be and feel safe to be effective in meeting the needs of the patients we are committed to serving Intervention training scheduled for all hospitals through August

39. 39 Ohio’s Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Initiative Infiltration of TIC in Department of Developmental Disabilities (DODD) Developmental Centers (DCs) Goal: DCs become trauma aware, knowledgeable and responsive to the impact and consequences of traumatic experiences for residents, families and their communities. Progress to date: Initial training of all Developmental Centers completed in FY 2015 Plans for subsequent visits and consultation from NCTIC Consultation provided on the impact of secondary/ vicarious trauma on staff at Montgomery and Youngstown Developmental Centers scheduled to close June 30, 2017

40. 40 Infiltration of TIC in Ohio communities Goal: Expand opportunities for Ohioans to receive trauma-informed interventions by enhancing efforts for practitioners, facilities and agencies to become competent in trauma informed practices. Progress to date: Train-the-trainer model – 170 trainers available throughout the state Content focused on system infrastructure and infiltration o Understanding trauma o Trauma-informed approaches o Principles of trauma-informed approaches o Guidance and implementation o Healing and recovery http://mha.ohio.gov/traumacare http://dodd.ohio.gov/Initiatives-and-Partnerships/Pages/default.aspx Click on TIC Regional Collaboratives Click on Trauma-Informed Approach Trainers Ohio’s Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Initiative

41. 41 Ohio’s Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Initiative TIC Communication Plan/MHAS/DODD organizational and administrative commitment to TIC Goal: Develop an educational and communication campaign on trauma and its association to health that encourages the adoption of trauma-informed practices among facilities, agencies and practitioners to support both their customers and their workforce in achieving better health. Commit to agencies and organizations becoming trauma-informed. Progress to date: MHAS website developed as a “clearinghouse” for information related to TIC distributing up- to-date information about TIC to the field, including materials for clinicians and health professionals, those who may have experienced trauma and other interested individuals http://mha.ohio.gov/traumacare 2,000 TIC Principles of Care posters developed in collaboration with NCTIC and SAMHSA Center for Evidenced-Based Practice, Case Western Reserve University educational materials including: Remind Me cards & “Transforming Culture, Policy and Practice of Organizations” posters

42. 42 Ohio’s Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Initiative Second Annual Trauma-Informed Summit Goal: Identify promising practices and share feedback and continuous learning and form the basis for more advanced work in developing trauma-informed environments and practices. Progress to date: Creating Environments of Resiliency and Hope in Ohio June 17, 2015 333 participants from behavioral health, juvenile justice, schools, private psychiatric hospitals, health jurisdictions, county boards, local FCF representatives, higher education and six individuals from Larimer County Department of Human Services, Colorado Twelve break-out sessions showcasing exemplary Ohio programs

43. 43 Ohio’s Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Initiative Alternatives to Seclusion and Restraint (S/R) Initiative Goal: Initiate a statewide quality/performance improvement and trauma-informed strategy in responding to, reducing and eliminating the use of seclusion and restraint incidents in children’s residential facilities. Progress to date: June 18, 2015 - Alternatives to Seclusion and Restraint Forum 123 participants: ODJFS children’s residential and/or OhioMHAS children’s residential centers, licensed inpatient facility or a facility providing services to young persons with developmental disabilities World café model used to identify: What accomplishments do agencies have to build upon to create coercion and violence free settings? What can be accomplished together that agencies cannot accomplish alone in order to move alternatives to seclusion and restraint to the next level? What policy challenges exist that prevent the overall reduction in the use of seclusion and restraint or other aversive practices in children’s residential programs?

44. 44 Ohio’s Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Initiative Partnership Work Goal: Support the implementation of trauma-informed care systems and trauma-specific services across Ohio’s social services systems. Progress to date: Formation of a Statewide TIC Advisory Committee by coordinating existing experts on a state and regional basis, establish means of communication and collaboration from these experts, create learning communities and establish expertise in regions of the state Partner with the Ohio Department of Health on their Early Childhood Comprehensive Systems (ECCS) Grant – MHAS, Bureau of Children and Families Partner with Attorney General’s Office VOCA (Crime Victim’s Fund) programming

45. 45 Ohio’s Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Initiative Regional Trauma-Informed Collaboratives Goal: Expand opportunities for Ohioans to receive trauma-informed interventions by enhancing efforts for practitioners, facilities and agencies to become competent in trauma informed practices, and facilitate cultural change within organizations, addressing gaps and barriers and taking effective steps based on the science of implementation. Progress to date: Six Regional TIC Collaboratives formed Staffed by MHAS and DODD personnel – (DODD Regional Liaisons) Transitioning to local leaders http://mha.ohio.gov/traumacare Click on TIC Regional Collaboratives

46. Regional Collaboratives Progressively transmit TIC and increase expertise within regions Facilitate cultural change within organizations, addressing gaps and barriers and taking effective steps based on the science of implementation Topical workgroups (prevention, DD, child, older adult, etc.) Department(s) continue to support, facilitate, communicate 46 Ohio’s Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) Initiative

47. Trauma-Informed Care Regional Collaboratives

48. TIC: Why is this important? TIC: Why is this important? 48

49. TIC: Why is this important? “What Happened to You?” 49

51. 51 Dr. Mark Hurst, M.D., FAPA Medical Director, OhioMHAS 30 East Broad Street, 36 th Floor, Columbus, OH 43215 (614) 466-6890 Mark.Hurst@mha.ohio.gov Tina Evans Regional Liaison Team Lead, Division of Policy & Strategic Direction Ohio Department of DD 30 E. Broad St. 12 th Floor Columbus, Ohio 43215 614.752.9028 tina.evans@dodd.ohio.gov Kim Kehl TIC Project Coordinator, Office of the Medical Director OhioMHAS 30 East Broad Street, 36 th Floor, Columbus., OH 43215 (614) 644-8442 Kim.kehl@mha.ohio.gov