1. Paper 1 – Communism in Crisis

2. Lesson 3a – Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1978-88) Essential Question To what extent did the Afghanistan War lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union? Learning Outcomes - Students will: Preview – War in Afghanistan Learn about the Afghan Communist Revolution Find out why the USSR sent troops Success Criteria I can explain why the Soviet Union entered Afghanistan Leave space for 2 lessons

3. Preview War in Afghanistan Who is fighting? What are the Afghan’s fighting for?

4. Vocab Mohammad Taraki Mullah Jihad Iranian Revolution Mujahideen Carter Doctrine Hafizullah Amin

5. Reading SL & HL – Pg. 57~66 (Communism in Crisis) SL & HL – Pg. 205~207 (Cold War) HL – Pg. 132~138 (USSR and Eastern Europe) Make sure you are adding to Notes Essential Question IB Math Notes only = max 5 Textbook only = max 5 Notes + Textbook = 6~7 2 Lessons

6. Afghan Revolution Apr 1978 – Communist Revolution in Afghanistan under Mohammad Taraki Ask the USSR for help New Government had little popular support Land taken from owners and given to peasants Encouraged women to not wear veils and went to school Soviets objected to the speed of reforms

7. Jihad Mullahs objected, along with the feudal landlords Communists were breaking “God’s Law” God has decided who is rich and poor, man cannot change this Would burn down schools and universities in protest Called for a jihad (‘Holy War’) against the Godless communists Muslims from all over the Middle East went, some walked, to Afghanistan to join the Mujahideen (‘Soldiers of God’)

8. Context 1979 – Iranian Revolution sees an overthrow of the Shah and is replaced by a theocracy US lose the most important ally in the Middle East Why is this important for Afghanistan? The US was worried that the USSR may take over the region and the oil supply Carter Doctrine – if there was a problem along the Persian Gulf, the US would intervene July 1979 – US begin to send arms to the Mujahideen via Pakistan called Operation Cyclone

9. Afghan seek Help The unmotivated Afghan army was losing badly to the Mujahideen Asked for Soviet soldiers but were refused The reforms continued Sept 1979 – Hafizullah Amin, hearing of a Soviet plan to oust Taraki, captured and killed Taraki, making him leader Soviets feared Amin as head of the KGB Andropov believed that he would turn to the US for help and they would send their troops Removing leaders using the military had worked in Hungary and Czechoslovakia

10. Other Factors Dec ’79 – NATO announced it would place cruise missiles in Europe to counter Soviet missile Nothing to lose internationally Fear of the spread of Islamic Fundamentalism from Iran Secure the Southern Border Dec 25, 1979 – USSR troops headed for Afghanistan, marking the end of détente

11. Lesson 3b – Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1978-88) Essential Question To what extent did the Afghanistan War lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union? Learning Outcomes - Students will: Preview – Paper 1 Topic Learn about the international reaction to the War in Afghanistan Find out how the Soviets got out Success Criteria I can explain why the Soviet Union entered Afghanistan Leave space for 2 lessons

12. Preview What is the message of this source?

13. Vocab Moscow Olympic boycott 1988 Geneva agreements

14. Reading SL & HL – Pg. 57~66 (Communism in Crisis) SL & HL – Pg. 205~207 (Cold War) HL – Pg. 132~138 (USSR and Eastern Europe) Make sure you are adding to Notes Essential Question IB Math Notes only = max 5 Textbook only = max 5 Notes + Textbook = 6~7 2 Lessons

15. International Reaction World response US will boycott 1980 Olympics in Moscow (65 countries total) US will stop grain shipments and technology to USSR US will increase arms race spending UN condemned the invasion Paper 1 - 2013 Further economic drain on the economy Negative opinion, especially from the Muslim world

16. Getting Out 1982 – Brezhnev dies New leader Andropov is for UN peace plan for leaving Afghanistan US did not trust the USSR USSR stepped up its bombing and atrocities in Afghanistan Ex. Destroying villages, killing civilians who refused to join the Afghan army, some civilians were covered in gas and set on fire Similar atrocities by the Mujahideen as well USSR soldiers turn to drugs and begin to question the system “What are we fighting for?” Propaganda couldn’t hide 15,000 dead Can you find any similarities with the Americans in Vietnam?

17. Out US rejected peace and believed they could win USSR wanted to “save face” by having a Soviet friendly leader 1988 Geneva agreements saw USSR troops come out, but both sides continued to support the civil war Increased military aid to the Mujahideen

18. Historiography Question Why did the Soviet’s invade Afghanistan? US Right-wing – Communist expansionism Post-revisionist – threat within the Soviet ‘sphere of influence’ made its intervention understandable. The US took advantage of the situation and destabilized the situation further

19. Compare and contrast the views of Source F and G regarding Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan.