1. Home economics 9 th grade – 4 th partial

2. Evaluation Project : 20pts. P PP: 15pts. Poster: 15 pts. quiz: 10 pts. Cooking lab: 10 pts Exam 30

3. Sexual education is instruction on issues relating to human sexualityincluding:  human sexual anatomy  sexual reproduction,  sexual intercourse,  reproductive health,  emotional relations,  reproductive rights  responsibilities  abstinence,  birth control

4. Sex education can help : prevent the spread of sexual diseases, prevent unwanted pregnancies,  form responsible views on own sexual behavior,  encourage resistance to group pressure to engage unwanted sexual activities,  understanding the difference between male and female views on romantic relations,  understanding that sex is part of life of most adults and not something associated with shame and guilt. Sex education can help : prevent the spread of sexual diseases, prevent unwanted pregnancies,  form responsible views on own sexual behavior,  encourage resistance to group pressure to engage unwanted sexual activities,  understanding the difference between male and female views on romantic relations,  understanding that sex is part of life of most adults and not something associated with shame and guilt.

5. Young people need to have information on :  Sexual development & reproduction - the physical and emotional changes associated with puberty and sexual reproduction,  fertilization and conception,  sexually transmitted diseases and HIV.  Contraception & birth control how they work, how people use them, how they decide what to use or not, and how they can be obtained.  Relationships - what kinds of relationships there are, love and commitment, marriage and partnership and the law relating to sexual behavior and relationships as well as the range of religious and cultural views on sex and sexuality and sexual diversity.

6. When should sex education start? Sex education that works starts early, before young people reach puberty, and before they have developed established patterns of behavior. The precise age at which information should be provided depends on the physical, emotional and intellectual development of the young people as well as their level of understanding.

7. Giving young people basic information from an early age provides the base on which more complex knowledge is built up over time. They must be informed on how people grow and change over time, and how babies become children and then adults.This provides the basis on which they understand more about puberty provided in the pre-teenage years.

8. Does sex education at an early age encourage young people to have sex? Some people are concerned that providing information about sex and sexuality arouses curiosity and can lead to sexual experimentation. However, in a review of 48 studies of comprehensive sex and STD/HIV education programs in US schools, there was found to be strong evidence that such programs: did not increase sexual activity Some of them reduced sexual activity increased rates of condom use and other contraceptives

9. HIV and AIDS HIV stands for the "human immunodeficiency virus." In other words, it is a virus that infects human being and leads to problems with their immune system. The immune system is the body's system for fighting disease.

10. AIDS, "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome" is a group of symptoms and diseases associated with the damage HIV does to the immune system. As an HIV infection progresses, there is ongoing damage to immune defense cells and the body becomes increasingly less able to fight off infection. Individuals with advanced HIV disease are susceptible to infections that don't show up in people with healthy immune systems. These are opportunistic infections because they take advantage of the weakened ability of an HIV positive individual to fight off disease. Both the virus and the disease are often referred as HIV/AIDS. As a result, some will then develop AIDS. The development of numerous opportunistic infections in an AIDS patient can lead to death. A person can live with HIV for many years without developing AIDS or any symptoms of HIV infection. This is why it is important to be regularly tested for the virus.

11. HOW CAN HIV PREVENTION BE TRANSMITTED? The expansion and improvement of HIV and AIDS education around the world is critical to preventing the spread of HIV. There are an estimated 34 million people living with the virus, and each year millions more people become infected. HIV can be transmitted in three main ways: Sexual transmission Transmission through blood Mother-to-child transmission Breast feeding

12. HIV prevention needs to reach both people who are at risk of HIV infection and those who are already infected: People who are already living with HIV need knowledge and support to protect their own health and to ensure that they don’t transmit HIV to others - known as “positive prevention”. Positive prevention has become increasingly important as improvements in treatment have led to a rise in the number of people living with HIV.

13. Universal prevention measures HIV counseling and testing are fundamental for HIV prevention. People living with HIV are less likely to transmit the virus to others if they know they are infected and if they have received counseling about safer behavior. For example, a pregnant woman who has HIV will not be able to benefit from interventions to protect her child unless her infection is diagnosed. Those who discover they are not infected can also benefit, by receiving counseling on how to remain uninfected.

14. ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT The accessibility of antiretroviral treatment is crucial; it enables people living with HIV to enjoy longer, healthier lives, and as such acts as an incentive for HIV testing. Studies suggest that HIV-positive people may be less likely to engage in risky behavior if they are enrolled in treatment programs. A number of studies have shown that an HIV positive person on antiretroviral treatment with an undetectable viral load has a very low risk of transmitting HIV to someone else.

15. REDUCE RISKS Someone can reduce their risk of becoming infected with HIV during sex by choosing to: Abstain from sex or delay first sex Be faithful to one partner or have fewer partners Condomise, which means using male condoms or female condoms consistently and correctly STUDY UP TO HERE

16. Sexual Education Studies have shown that sex education is more effective at preventing sexually transmitted infections than education abstinence until marriage. Studies have shown that condoms, if used consistently and correctly, are highly effective at preventing HIV infection. Also there is no evidence that promoting condoms leads to increased sexual activity among young people.

17. What are the obstacles? It is not easy for people to sustain changes in sexual behavior. Young people often have difficulty remaining abstinent condoms are often associated with promiscuity or lack of trust. Women in male-dominated societies are frequently unable to negotiate condom use.

18. OBSTACLES Some societies find it difficult to discuss sex openly, and some authorities restrict what subjects can be discussed in the classroom, or in public information campaigns, for moral or religious reasons. Particularly contentious issues include premarital sex, condom use and homosexuality, the last of which is illegal or taboo in much of the world. Marginalization of groups at high risk - such as sex workers and men who have sex with men - can be a major problem to HIV prevention efforts; authorities are often unwilling to give resources to programs directed to them.

19. ALCOHOLISM #####BEGIN TO STUDY FROM HERE.###### Alcoholism is a chronic and often progressive disease that includes problems controlling your drinking, being preoccupied with alcohol, continuing to use alcohol even when it causes problems, having to drink more to get the same effect (physical dependence)

20. CAUSES Genes - there are genetic factors which may make some people more likely to become addicted to alcohol.People who have a family history of addiction are at higher risk for abusing alcohol. The age of first alcoholic drink : People who started drinking at 15 are more likely to have alcoholic problems when adults.

21. CAUSES Easy access - Cheap prices Stress - If our levels of stress, anxiety are high some of us may consume alcohol in an attempt to blank out this. Peer drinking -People who have friends who drink regularly or abuse alcohol are more likely to drink excessively and eventually.

22. Depression -People with depression may use alcohol as a means of self-treatment. Media and advertising - in some countries alcohol is portrayed as a glamorous, worldly and cool activity. Low self esteem- peer pressure

23. effects Brain: Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication pathways, and can affect the way the brain looks and works. These disruptions can change mood and behavior, and make it harder to think clearly and move with coordination. Heart: Drinking a lot over a long time or too much on a single occasion can damage the heart.

24. Liver: A variety of problems and liver inflammations including: fatty liver Alcoholic hepatitis Fibrosis Cirrhosis Pancreas: Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic substances that can eventually lead to pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammation in the pancreas that prevents proper digestion. Cancer: Drinking too much alcohol can increase your risk of developing certain cancers, including cancers of the: Mouth Esophagus Throat Liver Breast Immune System: Drinking too much can weaken your immune system, making your body a much easier target for disease. Chronic drinkers are more liable to contract diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis than people who do not drink too much.

25. Muscles and bones : Long-term alcohol use makes it harder for your body to produce new bone. Drinking puts you at increased risk of osteoporosis (thinning bones) and bone fractures. Sexual and reproductive health:Erectile disfunction is a common side effect of alcohol. It can also inhibit hormone production, affect testicular function, and cause infertility. Excessive drinking can cause a woman to stop menstruating and become infertile. It also can increase her risk of miscarriage, premature delivery. Alcohol has a huge effect on fetal development.

26. Drug addiction Several factors may contribute to development of drug addiction and dependence. The main factors are: Environment. Environmental factors, including your family's beliefs and attitudes and exposure to a peer group that encourages drug use. Genetics. Once you've started using a drug, the development into addiction may be influenced by inherited (genetic) traits.

27. What Is Drug Addiction? Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences to the drug addict and those around them. Drug addiction is a brain disease because the abuse of drugs leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain.

28. Amphetamines: This group of drugs comes in many forms, from prescription medications Overdose of any of these substances can result in seizure and death. Anabolic steroids: A group of substances abused by bodybuilders and other athletes.This group of drugs can lead to aggression and paranoia. Caffeine: coffee, tea and soda drinkers When consumed in excess this substance can be habit forming and produce palpitations, insomnia, tremors, and significant anxiety.

29. Cannabis: More commonly called marijuana. In addition to the negative effects the drug itself can produce infertility, paranoia and lack of motivation. Cocaine: A drug that tends to stimulate the nervous system, cocaine can be snorted in powder form, smoked when in the form of rocks ("crack" cocaine), or injected when made into a liquid

30. Ecstasy: This drug tends to create a sense of euphoria and an expansive love or desire to nurture others. In overdose, it can increase body temperature to the point of being fatal. Ecstasy Hallucinogens: Examples include LSD and mescaline, as well as so-called naturally occurring hallucinogens like certain mushrooms. These drugs can be dangerous in their ability to alter the perceptions of the user

31. PROSTITUTION Known as the oldest profession, it is an enormous social problem affecting not only prostitutes but also many other people in society. PROSTITUTES CAN NOT ONLY BE woman but also men and children. Many have been forced to excert this while others have chosen it because of their extreme poverty. They are propense to adquire many STD’s and also suffer extreme physical abuse from their clients that sometimes leads to death.

32. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that you can get from having sex with someone who has the infection. The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites and viruses. There are more than 20 types of STDs, including Chlamydia Gonorrhea Genital herpes HIV/AIDS HPV Syphilis Trichomoniasis

33. Most STDs affect both men and women. If a pregnant woman has an STD, it can cause serious health problems for the baby. If you have an STD caused by bacteria or parasites, it can be treated with antibiotics or other medicines. If you have an STD caused by a virus, there is no cure. Sometimes medicines can keep the disease under control. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STDs.