1. Chapter 3, Section 3 Debating the Constitution p. 92-95 The states approve the Constitution, but many of the states insist that it include a bill of rights

2. Section Focus Question: How did those in favor of the Constitution achieve its ratification?

3. Federalists vs. Antifederalists Main Idea: Supporters and opponents of the new Constitution argue over the need for a strong central government. “Federalist Papers”“Federalist Papers” 85 essays written in favor of the Constitution – written by: – Alexander Hamilton - from New York (wrote 52) – James Madison -from Virginia (wrote 28) see Federalist #39 on p. 619 – John Jay - from New York (wrote 5) In support of a strong federal government. Want to ratify (approve) the Constitution! The Federalists: Alexander Hamilton James Madison John Jay

4. Federalists vs. Antifederalists (continued) Antifederalists are lead by Patrick Henry & George Mason Yes, Articles of Confederation needs to be fixed, but… Constitutional Convention has gone too far! 1.Weakens state governments (too much like England) 2.No Bill of Rights! 3.President or King? – President could be elected again and again… Patrick Henry George Mason “The Father of the Bill of Rights” TheAnti-Federalists:

5. The Ratification Debate Delaware: first state to ratify the Constitution, - Dec. 7, 1787 Patrick Henry & George Mason campaign hard to defeat the Constitution in Virginia – Virginia is important - one of the most populous states. New Hampshire 9 th to ratify – June 1788 See political cartoon p. 94 Rhode Island - last – May 1790 Many states demand a Bill of Rights as a condition for ratification. New government gets busy in March of 1789 Main Idea: After intense debates, each of the 13 states ratify the Constitution. U.S. Constitution officially ratified in June 1788. How?

6. The Bill of Rights Main Idea: The Bill of Rights aims to protect Americans against unfair use of government powers. 1 st task for new Congress: establish a bill of rights. Framers wanted Constitution to be strong but flexible enough to change (amend) as needed. = First 10 Amendments = Bill of Rights – to protect the people against abuses by the government. – 1: Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition – 2: Right to bear arms – 3: No troops in people’s homes – 4: No unreasonable searches – 5-8: Protect citizens in court, trial by jury, etc. – 9-10: Federal gov. can only do what is in the Constitution First 10 Amendments are the Bill of Rights

7. Section Focus Question: How did those in favor of the Constitution achieve its ratification? They published arguments supporting the Constitution in newspapers and they held conventions to debate the Constitution. Now show B of R video.