1. Quiz – 5 minutes: Separate Paper 1.In which of the following would you most likely find commercially usable reservoirs of oil or deposits of sand and gravel? A) Continental Shelf B) Continental Slope C) Continental Rise 2. Which of the following sediments precipitates directly from seawater? A) Terrigenous B) Biogenous C) Hydrogenous 3. Compare and contrast the Pacific and Atlantic continental margins.

2. Puget Sound Seafloor

3. Chapter 14 vs. Puget Sound In general, the features described in Chapter 14 are not found in Puget Sound (no mid- ocean ridges, cont’l shelf, slope, rise, seamount, guyot, trench, atoll…) Instead, Puget Sound’s seafloor consists of sediments shaped by recent (<25,000 years before present) glacial action

4. Glaciers

5. Energy and Movement of Material Water can provide a “low to high energy” environment and is capable of moving clay, sand, gravel and boulders Air is generally “low energy” and is capable of moving clay and sand Glaciers…

6. Glaciers can be “extreme energy” and move clay, sand, boulders, and house- sized boulders Glacial “Erratic”

7. How Erratics Can be “Plucked” and Transported

8. Glacial Scouring Video http://exhibits.pacsci.org/puget_sound/graphi cs/ps_glaciationsm.mov http://exhibits.pacsci.org/puget_sound/graphi cs/ps_glaciationsm.mov

9. So, What’s Beneath the Surface?

11. Puget Sound “Scoured Out” by Glaciers Red = Shallow Blue = Deep

12. Puget Sound “Scoured Out” by Glaciers Red = Shallow Blue = Deep Deep basins Shallow Sills

13. Profile View of Previous Slide NorthSouth Shallow Sills Deep basins

14. Video Again http://exhibits.pacsci.org/puget_sound/graphics /ps_glaciationsm.mov

15. Interesting Aside (Not Oceanography) Glacial Deposits Layered clay accumulates in the bottoms of large, pro- glacial (“in front of the glacier”) lakes Layered sand and gravel accumulates in the bottoms of rivers draining the lake (called “outwash”) “Glacial till” deposited directly by the glacier: very dense, non-layered mixture of clay to house-sized boulders

16. Glacial Deposits “Lacustrine” (lake) clay

17. Clay

18. Glacial Deposits “Outwash” sand and gravel

19. Outwash

20. Glacial Till

21. Interesting Aside (not oceanography) Summary of Puget Sound Glaciation 1.“Old,” pre-glacial sediments (hard sands, clays etc.) on bottom 2.Pro-glacial lake deposited clay next 3.Advancing glacier deposited “outwash” (sand and gravel) next 4.Glacier deposited till next 5.Glacier receded, scouring the landscape and depositing the opposite sequence 6.Left behind Puget Sound, which filled with ocean water

22. Landslide Situations