1. FOREIGN POWERS IMPERIALIZING CHINA U.S. ISSUES AN OPEN DOOR POLICY IN CHINA

2. SPHERES OF INFLUENCE Areas where foreign nations control trade and natural resourcesAreas where foreign nations control trade and natural resources foreign nations carved up China:foreign nations carved up China: The Imperial Powers fortified bases, leased territories and claimed exclusive economic privileges. The Imperial Powers fortified bases, leased territories and claimed exclusive economic privileges.

3. Imperial Powers: Germany,Russia, Great Britain, France,Japan

4. THE OPEN DOOR NOTES U.S. used diplomacy to open up China as a marketplace for American goods U.S. used diplomacy to open up China as a marketplace for American goods What is diplomacy? What is diplomacy?

5. Open Door Policy 1899 Secretary of State John Hay sent a series of notes to Japan and most European nations. 1899 Secretary of State John Hay sent a series of notes to Japan and most European nations. known as the Open Door Policyknown as the Open Door Policy

6. Open Door Policy all nations should have equal access to trade with China all nations should have equal access to trade with China Goal: protect U.S. trade interests Goal: protect U.S. trade interests Hay’s announcement: policy had been accepted Hay’s announcement: policy had been accepted Essential element in U.S. Diplomacy Essential element in U.S. Diplomacy

7. BOXER REBELLION 1899-1901 "Boxers" a group of Chinese nationalists "Boxers" a group of Chinese nationalists China's gov.’t. didn't officially denounced the Boxers China's gov.’t. didn't officially denounced the Boxers secretly supported secretly supported

8. 1900 "Boxers" seized Beijing murdered two foreign diplomats murdered two foreign diplomats Siege on Beijing lasted two months Siege on Beijing lasted two months U.S. Marines were brought in to defeat the Boxers U.S. Marines were brought in to defeat the Boxers

9. Boxer Rebellion cont. China had to pay $333 million cash to foreign nations China had to pay $333 million cash to foreign nations PLUS an additional $25 million to the U.S. directly. PLUS an additional $25 million to the U.S. directly. John Hay sent another Open Door note restating the Open Door Policy to prevent colonization of China that would limit U.S. influence.John Hay sent another Open Door note restating the Open Door Policy to prevent colonization of China that would limit U.S. influence.

10. China’s Reaction to Foreign Trade Resisted Trade Resisted Trade China didn't modernize and fought unsuccessfully against Western influence. China didn't modernize and fought unsuccessfully against Western influence.

11. Japan’s Reaction to Foreign Trade resisted trade resisted trade Took steps to improve its own industry and technology. Took steps to improve its own industry and technology. Japan's modernization, industrialization and imperialism made them a world power within a short period of time. Japan's modernization, industrialization and imperialism made them a world power within a short period of time.

12. IMPACT OF THE OPEN DOOR POLICY ON THE U.S. Opened markets and then used to dominate markets. Opened markets and then used to dominate markets. Became an American ideology. Became an American ideology. America's domestic well-being required exportsAmerica's domestic well-being required exports foreign trade would suffer if the U.S. did not intervene abroadforeign trade would suffer if the U.S. did not intervene abroad spread American principles and keep markets open. spread American principles and keep markets open. areas closed to U.S. products, citizens, or ideas threatened the survival of the United States.areas closed to U.S. products, citizens, or ideas threatened the survival of the United States.

13. Impact on US Territorial Gains McKinley re-elected. Showed Americans liked the imperialist principles McKinley re-elected. Showed Americans liked the imperialist principles Anti-Imperialist league formed Anti-Imperialist league formed Members Members Grover ClevelandGrover Cleveland Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie Jane AddamsJane Addams Mark TwainMark Twain

14. How were China and Japan's reactions to foreign trade similar? How were they different? How were China and Japan's reactions to foreign trade similar? How were they different?