1. Shanna, Allie, Danielle, Sarah

2.  China's Qing Dynasty began to crumble- nations saw China as a weakened power and demanded trade  China Open Door Policy- Initiated by Secretary of State John Hay  Issued to Great Britain, Germany, Russia, Japan, France, and Italy  Requested that no nation with a sphere of influence use that power to benefit only itself

3. Involvement  Problem: Other nations were sectioning off parts of China for themselves  U.S. did not want other nations to gain too much power off of China  Wanted to ensure free access to China for U.S. political and business interests

4. Motives  Main fear was that other countries would block off U.S. trade with China  In 1898, president McKinley requested access to China, promising that he would not ask for any special advantages  This was in hopes to create free trade for all of the countries who wanted to trade with China  U.S. did not want territory in China, just the right to trade

5. Justifications  Americans believed: 1. The growth of the economy depended on exports 2. The U.S. had a right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open 3. Feared the closing of American products, citizens, or ideas threatened American survival

6. Reactions  Shandong, China- a rebellion began in 1896, ended in 1898  A group called the Boxers created anti- Christian hysteria  Hated all foreigners and tried to drive them out  Forts were built in Beijing to block out foreigners, they failed miserably

7. Final Result  Japan violated the Open Door principle with its Twenty-One Demands to China  Japan’s defeat in World War II and the communist victory in China’s civil war ended all special privileges to foreigners  The Open Door Policy has since remained meaningless

8.  When it comes to the Open Door Policy, America acted as the Hemisphere’s Mafia Don  Intentions were played to be beneficial to the other countries- really America didn’t want to lose access to China  Actions were beneficial to China and U.S. only  China was a weak power and would have been taken advantage of by other countries if the U.S. had not intervened

10. Works Cited  [Senate Foreign Relations Committee] Treaties, International Acts, Protocols, and Agreements between The United States of America and other Powers 1776- 1909 William M. Mallory, ed., Washington, 1910, vol. 1, pp. 246-247.  “Open Door Policy.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 07 Oct. 2010.  “Open Door Policy" A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. Jan Palmowski. Oxford University Press, 2008. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. West Morris Mendham HS. 12 October 2010