1. Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Asia

2. At this time Great Britain had free reign in IndiaAt this time Great Britain had free reign in India Why was GB interested in India?Why was GB interested in India? Natural resourcesNatural resources New marketsNew markets Human resources; 300 millionHuman resources; 300 million India: Jewel in the Crown

3. The British aggravated Indian society, especially in regards to the caste system & differences in religionThe British aggravated Indian society, especially in regards to the caste system & differences in religion India: Jewel in the Crown

4. The British encouraged upper class Indians to get an education, yet they still treated them as if they were 2nd rate citizensThe British encouraged upper class Indians to get an education, yet they still treated them as if they were 2nd rate citizens “Europeans only”“Europeans only”

5. India: Jewel in the Crown “It is the consciousness of the inherent superiority of the European which has won for us India. However well educated and clever a native may be, and however brave he may prove himself, I believe that no rank we can bestow on him would cause him to be considered an equal of the British officer.”“It is the consciousness of the inherent superiority of the European which has won for us India. However well educated and clever a native may be, and however brave he may prove himself, I believe that no rank we can bestow on him would cause him to be considered an equal of the British officer.” »--Lord Kitchener

6. India: Jewel in the Crown Sepoy Rebellion (1856):Sepoy Rebellion (1856): Sepoys:Sepoys: Indian soldiers that served under British officersIndian soldiers that served under British officers

7. India: Jewel in the Crown Cultural Conflict:Cultural Conflict: The rifle cartridges being used by the Sepoys were made of animal fatThe rifle cartridges being used by the Sepoys were made of animal fat To use the cartridges the soldiers had to bite off both ends – OUTRAGE!To use the cartridges the soldiers had to bite off both ends – OUTRAGE!

8. India: Jewel in the Crown The rifle in question was the 1857 Enfield (a muzzle- loading black powder rifle)The rifle in question was the 1857 Enfield (a muzzle- loading black powder rifle) The newly-introduced Enfield rifle required a soldier to bite off the end of the cartridge containing the bullet, and pour the powder down the barrel of the rifle. The bullet was then put in and rammed home. The greased paper around the bullet made it easier for the bullet to be rammed down the barrel, and also created a seal around the bullet which helped prevent "windage," or gas escaping around the bullet during its short trip down the barrel during firing.The newly-introduced Enfield rifle required a soldier to bite off the end of the cartridge containing the bullet, and pour the powder down the barrel of the rifle. The bullet was then put in and rammed home. The greased paper around the bullet made it easier for the bullet to be rammed down the barrel, and also created a seal around the bullet which helped prevent "windage," or gas escaping around the bullet during its short trip down the barrel during firing.

9. As a result:As a result: The Sepoys rebelled against the BritishThe Sepoys rebelled against the British Country-wide slaughter of British citizensCountry-wide slaughter of British citizens British retaliationBritish retaliation India: Jewel in the Crown

10. Aftermath of Sepoy Rebellion:Aftermath of Sepoy Rebellion: Act for the Better Government of IndiaAct for the Better Government of India

11. India: Jewel in the Crown Act for the Better Government of India:Act for the Better Government of India: India was placed under the direct control of the British governmentIndia was placed under the direct control of the British government Queen Victoria of England was given title “Empress of India”Queen Victoria of England was given title “Empress of India”

12. India: Jewel in the Crown Indian Nationalism:Indian Nationalism: Eventually many Indians began to receive British educationsEventually many Indians began to receive British educations Heavily influenced by the ideas of democracy, nationalism & socialismHeavily influenced by the ideas of democracy, nationalism & socialism

13. India: Jewel in the Crown Led many Indians to believe that the British were acting hypocriticallyLed many Indians to believe that the British were acting hypocritically Indian National Congress:Indian National Congress: An organization that was focused on the goal of gaining Indian independenceAn organization that was focused on the goal of gaining Indian independence

14. China: Another Jewel

15. High demand for tea & silk in Great Britain at this timeHigh demand for tea & silk in Great Britain at this time China’s looking pretty good…China’s looking pretty good…

16. The Chinese DO NOT want to trade with GB, nor do they want manufactured goods from GBThe Chinese DO NOT want to trade with GB, nor do they want manufactured goods from GB Restrict trade with the BritishRestrict trade with the British Only allowed to use one Chinese portOnly allowed to use one Chinese port China: Another Jewel

17. During the 18 th & 19 th centuries the British were determined to find a product that the Chinese would buy in large quantitiesDuring the 18 th & 19 th centuries the British were determined to find a product that the Chinese would buy in large quantities

18. China: Another Jewel Product?Product? OPIUMOPIUM Great Britain floods China with opium from IndiaGreat Britain floods China with opium from India 1835 – 12 million Chinese addicted

19. Chinese officials attempted to stop the opium tradeChinese officials attempted to stop the opium trade Great Britain refused to stop!Great Britain refused to stop! Results in The Opium WarResults in The Opium War GB crushed Chinese forcesGB crushed Chinese forces China: Another Jewel

20. NANKING TREATY OF 1842:NANKING TREATY OF 1842: The Chinese were forced to:The Chinese were forced to: Open new portsOpen new ports Legalize the opium tradeLegalize the opium trade Give Hong Kong to GBGive Hong Kong to GB Accept extraterritorialityAccept extraterritoriality

21. Extraterritoriality:Extraterritoriality: British citizens living in China were not subject to Chinese laws or courtsBritish citizens living in China were not subject to Chinese laws or courts China: Another Jewel

22. Other countries were interested in trading with China as wellOther countries were interested in trading with China as well The US encouraged the adoption of the Open Door PolicyThe US encouraged the adoption of the Open Door Policy China: Another Jewel

23. Open Door Policy:Open Door Policy: All countries were given equal access to trade in all regions of ChinaAll countries were given equal access to trade in all regions of China Led to increasing unrest among the ChineseLed to increasing unrest among the Chinese

24. Japan: A Unique Story

25. Japan: Victim Japan closed to European influence since 1600sJapan closed to European influence since 1600s Commodore Perry sent to Japan by U.S. President to demand trade rightsCommodore Perry sent to Japan by U.S. President to demand trade rights Gives ultimatum – will return in 1 yearGives ultimatum – will return in 1 year

26. Japan: Victim Japan forced to sign Treaty of KanagawaJapan forced to sign Treaty of Kanagawa US gets open trade with JapanUS gets open trade with Japan Japanese are angry shogun gave in to foreigner’s demandsJapanese are angry shogun gave in to foreigner’s demands

27. Japan: Aggressor Shogun replaced by a young emperor, MutsuhitoShogun replaced by a young emperor, Mutsuhito Japan decides to modernize to save culture! (Meiji Era)Japan decides to modernize to save culture! (Meiji Era) By 1890, Japan was the strongest military power in AsiaBy 1890, Japan was the strongest military power in Asia

28. Japan: Aggressor Wanted to expand their empire in order to protect their security, meet economic needs & promote nationalismWanted to expand their empire in order to protect their security, meet economic needs & promote nationalism Japan beat China & Russia!Japan beat China & Russia! Takes Taiwan, Pescadores Islands, Manchuria & KoreaTakes Taiwan, Pescadores Islands, Manchuria & Korea

29. Japan: Aggressor 1910 Japan officially controlled Korea1910 Japan officially controlled Korea Banned teaching of KoreanBanned teaching of Korean Koreans forced to take Japanese namesKoreans forced to take Japanese names Farmers forced off lands; businesses handed over to JapaneseFarmers forced off lands; businesses handed over to Japanese

30. Tensions caused by the competition for colonies was one of the underlying causes of World War ITensions caused by the competition for colonies was one of the underlying causes of World War I What does this Mean?