1. Created by Dominik Naróg & Mateusz Zaucha

2. The most important  Short history  Optical microscope  Transmission electron miscroscope  Scanning electrone miscroscope  Some curiosities

3. The history of optical microscopy  Invented by Dutch spectacle-makers Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias Janssen (1590) or Galileo Galilei (1609) ‏  Christian Huygens developed a simple 2-lens ocular system in the late 17th century that was achromatically corrected

4. The oldest (1630) published image known to have been made with a microscope

5. Development Köhler illumination (XIX century) ‏ A better and more visible image is seen due to the halogen lamp and a big amount of lenses.

6. Components of the optical microscope Ocular lense Objective turret Optical element Frame Diaphragm and condenser lens Light source Fine adjustment coarse adjustment Stage

8. Old & New Mirror reflecting sun rays Modern light source

9. Electron microscope Prototype constructed (400x magnification) by Max Knoll and Ernst Ruskain 1931 Transmission electron microscope (1939 – Siemens) ‏ Scanning eletron microscope (1937 - Manfred von Ardenne) ‏ contemporary electron microscope (2 000 000x magnification) ‏

10. TEM An electron beam is created emits electrons It is condensed through the lenses and reaches the specimen The beam is then diffused and reaches the screen where the image is preserved

11. SEM The condensor and objective are condensing the electron beam The electron beam reaches the sample which is covered with a gold layer deflector* *it changes the direction of the beam The reflected electrons are caught by the detector and it changes the electron energy into an electric impulse

12. Electron microscope from the University of Gdańsk

13. The inside part of the microscope

14. How is the sample prepared? It must be dried with a special drier using liquid CO2 Here the dry sample is being covered with 24 carate gold Ready to research samples must be kept in dry conditions

15. Pictures made by electron microscopes Pillies of a vorticella Ant head

16. Curiosities  USB optical microscope  The best microscope in the World is „Titan Microscope”. It cost 15 mln $ and with it you can see even small electrons in atoms

17. Thank you for your attention Dominik Naróg & Mateusz Zaucha