1. DO NOW Finish the Expert Questions with your table. 1

2. What is a nucleotide? What are its parts? - Building block of DNA/Mrna - sugar, phosphate, base 2

3. How do the subunits or nitrogen bases bond together? Which pairs always go together? Hydrogen bonds A and T G and C 3

4. How does DNA copy itself? DNA replication DNA unzips Complementary nucleotides move in Product is 2 identical DNAs (1/2 new and ½ old) 4

5. How many chromosomes do humans have? 46 (23 pairs) 5

6. Each chromosome is made of what? DNA 6

7. What are proteins made of? What makes up the code for a specific amino acid? What determines the order of amino acids in a protein Proteins are made of chains of amino acids that are held together by peptide bonds. The code is made up of 3 letters on mRNA (codon) The order is determined by the code on mRNA which is determined by the DNA 7

8. Why are proteins so important? They form the building blocks of all parts of the organism and are responsible for all traits and characteristics 8

9. How are proteins made? 1. Transcription – a gene is copied onto mRNA 2. Translation – the gene is decoded and the amino acids it codes for are assembled in the ribosome 9

10. What is a mutation? An error in DNA or mRNA 10

11. What are 3 kinds of mutations? Describe how each affects the DNA insertion – adds a base deletion – removes a base substitution – replaces a base with a different one 11

12. How can DNA mutations occur and cause the DNA to become damaged? DNA mutates with exposure to a mutation. A mutation may change the order of the bases by an insertion, a deletion, or a substitution. 12

13. Describe the difference between transcription and translation Transcription – occurs in nucleus, forms mRNA Translation – occurs in ribosome, forms protein 13

14. How much do you know about genes?

15. Which of the following is NOT on DNA? thymine deoxyribose guanine adenine uracil 15

16. __ is when the mRNA is decoded by tRNA so that amino acids can line up? interphase photosynthesis replication transcription translation 16

17. What did James Watson do? Discovered that replication is semi-conservative Identified the location of the nuclear pores Discovered that thymine always bonds with adenine Took x ray pictures of DNA Discovered that DNA is a double helix 17

18. Which of the following might be a rung on DNA? Adenine and uracil Ribose and deoxyribose Deoxyribose and thymine Thymine and uracil Cytosine and guanine 18

19. Cytosine is complementary to? plurine thymine adenine uracil guanine 19

20. __ is semi-conservative? A, B, and C A and B translation transcription replication 20

21. Because adenine always bonds with thymine, we call adenine and thymine __ base pairs. expository mandatory supplementary explanatory complementary 21

22. Replication takes place in the ? Ovaries ribosome cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum nucleus 22

23. Proteins are made of chains of? DNA glucose incorrect nucleotides Amino acids 23

24. What did Francis Crick do? Discovered that replication is semi-conservative Identified the location of the nuclear pores Discovered that thymine always bonds with adenine Took x ray pictures of DNA Discovered that DNA is a double helix 24

25. Which of these might be on the sides of the DNA ladder? Peptide bond tRNA uracil guanine phosphate 25

26. What does DNA do? All of the above Controls what moves in and out of cells Contains the enzymes responsible for digestion Produces proteins Carries the blueprint for making proteins 26

27. __ is when one gene of DNA is copied to make mRNA? mitosis photosynthesis translation replication transcription 27

28. Translation takes place in the? nucleus Hydrogen bond Golgi apparatus lysosome ribosome 28

29. A string of nucleotides that has the instructions for a certain trait is a? homozygous cell dominant chloroplast gene 29

30. 3 bases code for one organelle protein DNA cell Amino acid 30

31. 2 bases on DNA are held together by? gravity A nitrogen bond A peptide bond Amino acids A hydrogen bond 31

32. Which of the following is NOT on DNA? thymine deoxyribose phosphate adenine ribose 32

33. Replication produces? Amino acids 2 similar DNA molecules mRNA tRNA 2 identical DNA molecules 33

34. Amino acids are connected by? Rock bands Rubber bands Nitrogen bonds Hydrogen bonds Peptide bonds 34

35. Which of the following is NOT on DNA? guanine phosphate deoxyribose thymine uracil 35

36. A codon is 3 bases on ? Peptide bonds Amino acids tRNA DNA mRNA 36

37. What did Chargaff do? He discovered that DNA is a double helix He named the peptide bonds that connect amino acids He took x ray pictures of DNA He discovered that replication is semi-conservative He discovered that adenine always bonds with thymine 37

38. Transcription takes place in the? ribosome Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Amino acids nucleus 38

39. Which of the following might be a rung on DNA? Cytosine and thymine Adenine and uracil Deoxyribose and phosphate Ribose and phosphate Adenine and thymine 39

40. Which of these might be on the sides of the DNA ladder? Amino acids ribose adenine uracil deoxyribose 40

41. Bases are connected by ? gravity James bonds Nitrogen bonds Peptide bonds Hydrogen bonds 41

42. What did Rosalind Franklin do? Discovered that DNA replication is semi-conservative Discovered that mRNA contains ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose Determined that DNA is a double helix Determined that Adenine always bonds with Thymine Took x ray pictures of DNA 42

43. Transcription produces? Amino acids 2 similar DNAs tRNA 2 identical DNAs mRNA 43

44. What does a nucleotide contain? 2 nitrogenous bases and a peptide bond 2 nitrogenous bases and a hydrogen bond Deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate Base, deoxyribose, ribose Base, sugar, phosphate 44