2. THE COLD WAR CONFLICT

3. WHAT IS A COLD WAR? A “ Cold War” is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, and acts of espionage or proxy wars (conflicts where third parties fight on the behalf of more powerful parties)

4. THE COLD WAR BEGINS a non-military battle of diplomacy and propaganda between the United States and Soviet Union Lasted from 1945-1991 Many proxy wars because the U.S. and U.S.S.R. never fought face to face

6. THE IDEOLOGICAL STRUGGLE US & Western Democracies Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] GOAL =“Containment” of GOAL = spread Communism Communism & world-wide the collapse of the Communist world Truman VS. Stalin

7. THE “IRON CURTAIN” This is a term used to describe the boundary that separated the Warsaw Pact countries from the NATO countries from about 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991 Was both a physical and an ideological division that represented the way Europe was viewed after World War II

9. THE U.S. FIGHTING COMMUNISM CONTAINMENT POLICY: The U.S. would work to stop the spread of communism 1. Truman Doctrine 2. Marshall Plan 3. NATO

10. THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE (1947) U.S. would aid countries around the world who are fighting communism (first in Greece and Turkey) Domino Theory: If the U.S. doesn’t fight communism, then countries will fall to communism like dominos Signaled the end of “isolationist” polices for the U.S.

11. THE MARSHALL PLAN (1948) After WW2, Europe remained damaged by war and thus vulnerable to manipulation by Communists This plan offered huge sums to empower the economies of Europe to rebuild after World War II This was in hope that by generating prosperity, these countries would reject Communism

12. NATO: THE WESTERN NATIONS JOIN FORCES NATO’s primary purpose was to unify and strengthen the Western Allies’ military response to a possible invasion of western Europe by the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies It was primarily a security pact, stating that a military attack against any of the signing countries would be considered an attack against them all

13. NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (1949)  United States  Belgium  Britain  Canada  Denmark  France  Iceland  Italy  Luxemburg  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  1952: Greece & Turkey  1955: West Germany  1983: Spain

14. WARSAW PACT: THE COMMUNIST ALLIANCE (1955) The formation of the Warsaw Pact was in some ways a response to the creation of NATO It was more directly inspired by West Germanys’ admission into NATO in 1955 The Warsaw Pact focused on the objective of creating a coordinated defense among its member nations in order to deter an enemy attack

15. WARSAW PACT (1955)  U. S. S. R.  Albania  Bulgaria  Czechoslovakia  East Germany  Hungary  Poland  Rumania

17. THE RED SCARE hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S. China became a Communist country in 1949 Soviets developed an atomic bomb in 1949 (arms race) Rosenbergs convicted of selling atomic secrets to Soviet Union led to a range of actions that had a profound and enduring effect on U.S. government and society

18. LEADING EVENTS INTO THE KOREAN WAR Cold War tensions between the United States and the USSR eventually exploded into Korea when Soviet-backed North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950