1. The Cold War Begins Pages 838-843 Chapter 28 Section 2

2. Section 2 Objectives Explain what caused the Cold War and describe U.S. strategy during the Cold War. Trace how the U. S. government tried to control the development of atomic weapons. Analyze how the Marshall Pan helped block the spread of communism in Europe. Describe how the Western Allies responded to Soviet expansion.

3. Question: What do know about the Cold War?

4. The Roots of the Cold War Rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union grew after WWII in the competition for global dominance. Cold War: The competition between these two global powers. The differences in economics, politics, and philosophical issues. We believed in individual freedoms, capitalist economy, and democratic principles of government. Communist Theories: state controlled economy, one- party rule, religious control, and the use of force to control any opposition to the party.

5. Satellite nations : Were developed to be a buffer between Western Europe and the Soviet Union. George Kennan: State Department official and Soviet expert. Advised on Containment –restricting the expansion of Soviet communism.

6. Deadlock over Atomic Weapons Baruch Plan: U.S. presidential advisor, Bernard Baruch was advocating for an international agency to monitor and inspect atomic-energy plants. Penalties would be assessed if international rules were not followed. The Soviet Union tested its atomic bomb in 1949. 1946: Atomic Energy Act: The fear of nuclear war had risen, so Congress passed the above act. A commission was created known as the Atomic Energy Commission to oversee research and promote peacetime use of nuclear energy.

7. Containment Around the World 1946-Greece: events led to a civil war led by Communist- rebels who didn’t approve of the Greek monarchy. 1947- Britain couldn’t help Greece any longer financially and withdrew support. Greece depended on the British support and knew they couldn’t defend themselves against the Communist. Mediterranean: Truman Doctrine-Truman didn’t agree with the Soviet’s pressuring Turkey for the Strait of Dardanelles. Congress approved a 400 million dollar aid package to support Greece and Turkey.

8. Europe Our concern was the economy of Europe after WWII. The allies thought this could possibly open up the influence of communism. George C. Marshall: 1939 was sworn in as chief of staff of the U. S. Army. This was the same day Germany invaded Poland. Under his guidance the U.S. Forces grew 200,000to 8.5 million. 1953 he won the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1950 he appointed to secretary of defense to prepare our troops for the conflict with communism. Marshall Plan or European Recovery Program: In1948 Truman advocated to Congress to pass a 17 billion dollar recovery package to rebuild Europe. Marshall won the

9. Crisis in Berlin 1948: The Allies decided to combine zones and form a West German government. The Berlin Airlift: The Soviets were not in favor of a West German government and chose to block all roads, canals, and railways connecting Berlin to the west. The idea was to drive the west out of Berlin. The Soviet Blockade: of West Berlin stranded about 2.5 million people with less than 45 days’ worth of food, coal, and other supplies.

10. Berlin Airlift: The west responded by using American and British pilots to airlift thousands of pounds of provisions. At peak times, a supply plane landed in the city every four minutes. For the next 10 months the pilots made 270,000 flights into West Berlin. The Soviets were embarrassed: The airlift blockade was lifted by 1949 and the Federal Republic of Germany, known as West Germany was founded. German Democratic Republic was established in East Germany. Western Alliance: Interest shifted from economic recovery to military security. NATO– North Atlantic Treaty Organization established in 1949: Western Europe joined U.S., Canada, and Iceland in a military alliance. The agreement was such that each member nation pledged to defend the others in the event of an outside attack.

11. 1951: Dwight D. Eisenhower became the supreme commander of the NATO forces. Warsaw Pact: 1955, Soviets responded by forming their own alliance of Eastern communist countries.