1. Paul VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Beltsville, MD, USA paul@aipl.arsusda.gov 2004 Genetic Base and Trait Definition Update

2. ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (2)P.M. VanRaden 2004 Previous USA Base Changes 1965Predicted Difference (subtract mean yield) 1974Modified Contemporary Comparison 1984Red & White and Holstein bases separated 1989Red & White and Holstein bases merged, Animal Model 1995Age-Parity adjustments (changed trend) 2000Lifetime Net Merit, true protein (SD change)

3. ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (3)P.M. VanRaden 2004 2005 Trait and Model Changes  Adjust for past inbreeding and expected future inbreeding (EFI)  Adjust for differing parity SD  Yield PTA expressed to average age instead of mature equivalent  Use cow instead of bull base for DPR  Convert PTA SCS to Udder Health?

4. ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (4)P.M. VanRaden 2004 Genetic Gain 1995-2000 (birth year) BVHOJEBSGUAYMS Prot (kgs)1715 1175 Fat (kgs)1615181588 Milk (kgs)535407436387235212 Prod Life.5.7.5 1.1 SCS.02.01-.08.03-.01.03 DPR (%)-.1-.2-.4.0.1

5. ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (5)P.M. VanRaden 2004 Daughter Pregnancy Rate Bases PTA DPRHOJEBSGUAYMS 1995 cow mean.4.2.6-.3-.1.5 progress-.1 -.2.0 Base change-.3-.1-.4+.5+.1-.5

6. ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (6)P.M. VanRaden 2004 Inbreeding Adjustments VanRaden and Smith 1999 JDS 82:2771  Past inbreeding (F) and future (EFI)  Regression on F in animal model (PTA 0 )  PTA EFI = PTA 0 + EFI * b yield.F  Publish PTA EFI, use PTA 0 in mating program  Helps pass Interbull trend tests 2 and 3  Corr (current PTA, PTA EFI ) =.9976  PTA EFI trend 6% lower, PTA 0 trend 3% higher  Corr (USA, other countries) decline by.01

7. ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (7)P.M. VanRaden 2004 Parity SD Adjustments  Multiplicative age factors  Means are adjusted to mature yield  Variances are not quite equal  Deviations will be multiplied by  [1.07 1.00.95.90.85] (parities 1-5)  Helps pass Interbull trend test 1  Corr (official, adjusted PTA) =.9998 for Holstein bulls born since 1995

8. ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (8)P.M. VanRaden 2004 Adjust Yield PTA to Average Age  Average age vs. mature offsets base SD  Base SD has not been updated since 1995  Change would multiply PTA by 1.11 (Hol)  Reduced age (36 mo) divides by 1.10  PTA lb / EBV kg = 2.2 / 2 = 1.10  Proposed by USDA (M. Schutz) in 1994  Recommended by Holstein GAC, Oct 1994  Vetoed by Council “to allow the industry time to consider the nature and effect of such a change.”

9. ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (9)P.M. VanRaden 2004 Somatic Cell Count  Measured with same standard metric unit (cells / ml) in every country  Transformed by log 2, log 10, or log e  Reversed scales in 9 of 19 countries  Added means of 100, 3, 4, etc.  Changed SD to report EBV, PTA, or STA Different choice in almost every country!

10. ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (10)P.M. VanRaden 2004 International Udder Health Scales CtryUnitMeanSDDirCtryUnitMeanSDDir USAPTA3.1.22-NLDRBV1004+ CANPTA3.0.25-DNKRBV1005+ BELEBV3.0.47-SWERBV1007+ JPNEBV2.4.42-DEURBV10012+ AUSEBV0.11-ITASTA41+ GBRPTA013-FRASTA01+ HUNSTA01-ESPSTA01+

11. ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (11)P.M. VanRaden 2004 SCS vs. Udder Health  PTA UH = -5 (PTA SCS – breed avg.)  Reversed scale with mean 0, SD 1  Interpreted like linear trait STAs  Positive numbers would be favorable  Range would be similar to DPR, PL  +1 PTA UH would equal a reduction in SCC of 13%  Udder Health is an Interbull term

12. ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (12)P.M. VanRaden 2004 SCS Breed Means SCSHOJEBSGUAYMS 19953.103.313.093.212.933.03 20003.093.342.943.312.973.07 Difference-0.010.03-0.150.100.04 Instead use: 3.00

13. ADSA-ASAS JOINT MEETING 2004 (13)P.M. VanRaden 2004 Summary  Genetic progress in most recent 5 years similar to previous 5 years  Adjustments for inbreeding and for differing parity SD will be introduced  PTA SCS will not change to udder health  February 2005 changes must be sent to Interbull by September 1, 2004