2. Background of the cell… Leeuwenhoek Hooke Brown and Schleiden Virchow

3. Cell Theory 1.Organisms are made up of cells and cell products 2. All cells carry out life activities 3. New cells come from pre-existing cells

4. Cell theory exceptions… VIRUSES! Do not reproduce by themselves Do consist of DNA strand and a protein shell So are they alive or not?!?!

5. Cell diversity Size changes! –Ex: Female sex cell vs. bacteria cell

6. Simple or complex Prokaryotic (SIMPLE) –No internal membrane bound organelles –Single looped chromosome –Ex: bacteria Eukaryotic (COMPLEX) –Membrane bound organelles –Separate metabolic activities –Ex: plants, fungi, protista

7. Organelles *Cell membrane*Lysosomes *Nucleus*Mitochondria *Ribosomes*Cytoplasm *ER*Chloroplasts *Golgi Apparatus*Cell Wall *Vacuoles*Centrioles

8. Cell Membrane Surrounds the cell and separates it from the environment Controls what enters or exits the cell.

9. Nucleus Contains nucleolus (makes ribosomes) Contains Chromosomes (genetic material)

10. Ribosomes Free floating in cytoplasm or attached to ER Make proteins

11. Moves materials throughout the cell Rough- ribosomes are attached Smooth-No ribosomes are attached

12. Golgi Apparatus Stores, secretes, and moves cell products, such as enzymes and proteins

13. Vacuoles Membrane- bound structure for storage: –Waste –Water –Salts –Proteins

14. Lysosomes Break things down, including worn out organelles

15. Mitochondria Site of cellular respiration –Place in the cell where glucose molecules are broken down to release energy in the form of ATP

16. Cytoplasm Jelly-like material Suspends organelles Site for many of cells chemical reactions (metabolism)

17. Chloroplasts Plant cells only Contain chlorophyll (Photosynthesis)

18. Cell Wall Plant cells only Rigid structure OUTSIDE the cell membrane Made up of cellulose

19. Centrioles Animal cells only 2 pairs/cell Cell division