1. The Cell

2. Cell Theory One of the most controversial statements of its time 1.All living things are composed of cells 2.Cells are the basic unit of structure and function 3.All cells come from pre-existing cells

3. Cell Membrane: The outer boundary of the cell. 3 functions of the membrane: 1.Regulates- controls what comes in & out of the cell 2.Protects- acts as a barrier against foreign material 3.Supports- keeps all of the cell parts together Basic Structures of the Cell

4. Nucleus Information center of the cell All cellular control exists DNA storage and formation takes place Nucleolus: Structure inside nucleus where ribosomes are made Nucleus Nucleolus

5. Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryotic cells: Have a nucleus -animal cells, plant cells

6. Prokaryotic Cell Prokaryotic cells: Do not have a nucleus -Example: bacteria

7. Cytoplasm jelly-like area between the cell membrane and the nucleus Gives basic shape to the cell

8. Cell Wall Cell wall: Structure found only in plant cells which serves as an extra layer of protection around the cell----found outside the membrane

9. Cell Anatomy Organelles: Tiny structures that perform a specialized function within a cell Examples: Nucleus Mitochondria ER Golgi Ribosomes Chloroplasts

10. Trap sunlight and convert it into chemical energy Found only in plants Surrounded by membranes

11. Mitochondria Mitochondria: The power plants of the cell Change chemical energy stored in food into a type (ATP) that can be used by the cell.

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Transport channel found within the cell Smooth - transport and store enzymes and chemicals Rough - transport and make protein (ribosomes are attached to the surface)

13. Rough ER

14. Smooth ER

15. Ribosome Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis (construction) 2 Types of ribosomes: Free-floating- float around in the cytoplasm Attached- linked to other organelles through chemicals

16. Golgi Golgi: Flattened compartments stacked on top of each other. They have four functions: 1.Collect proteins and enzymes 2.Modify proteins and enzymes 3.Package proteins and enzymes 4.Distribute proteins and enzymes

17. Lysosome Lysosomes: Small structures involved in the chemical digestion of cellular waste

18. Vacuoles- storage areas found within the cell Store water, salts, protein, and carbohydrates for use by the cell at a later time

19. Comparison of plant & animal cells