2.  The cell theory is a fundamental concept in biology. It states:  All living things are composed of cells.  The cell is the basic structural unit of all living things.  All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

3.  PROKARYOTIC  Lack a “true” nucleus  Do not have organelles  Bacteria is the most common example  EUKARYOTIC  Have a nucleus  Contain organelles separated by membranes  Much larger than prokaryotic cells

4. Animal Cells Plant Cells

5. 1. CELL MEMBRANE  The “skin” of the cell; it holds everything inside.  It is SEMIPERMEABLE which means it allows certain things to go through it. 2. NUCLEUS  The “control centre” or “brain” of the cell.  Usually the largest organelle.  Where DNA is stored. DNA contains the chromosomes which is where all genetic information is found.

7. 3. CYTOPLASM  A “jelly-like” substance composed of mostly water that surrounds and protects the organelles. 4. VACUOLES  “Sac-like” containers made from pieces of cells membrane.

8. 5. RIBOSOMES  The “builders” of protein.  They are dark looking dense granules that can be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.  Composed of RNA and PROTEIN. 6. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM  A series of “canals” or small tubules that branch out from the nucleus.  ROUGH ER has ribosomes attached.  SMOOTH ER has no ribosomes.

9. 7. GOLGI APPARATUS  Looks like a flattened stack of pancakes.  Where protein is stored until needed.  If the protein is needed outside of the cell, the GA packages it into a vacuole and sends it to the cells membrane for transport. 8. MITOCHONDRIA  The “powerhouse” of the cell.  The site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION in cells which use glucose and oxygen to make carbon dioxide, water and ATP (energy).

11. 9. LYSOSOMES  Membrane bound sacs that aid in digestion.  Certain types of human white blood cells use lysosomes to destroy invading bacteria. For this reason they have the nickname “SUICIDE CELLS”.  They also function in breaking down damaged organelles in a cell.

12.  Despite the fact that plant and animal cells contain the above 9 organelles in common they have some significant difference as well.

13. PLANT CELLSANIMAL CELLS Angular in shapeIrregular in shape Tightly packedLoosely gathered Large vaculolesSmall vaculoles Contain cell wallNo cell wall Contain chloroplastsNo chloroplasts No centriolesContain centrioles

14.  CELL WALL  Made from a rigid material called CELLULOSE.  They provide plants with structural support and allow them to grow tall without falling over.  CHLOROPLASTS  These organelles capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy in a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS.  They are composed of a double membrane and an internal membrane system that contains CHLOROPHYLL which is a light capturing molecule.

16.  CENTRIOLES  Centrioles organize the spindle apparatus on which the chromosomes move during mitosis.  They are critical to cell division.