1. Frontier FibrR Optics seNsors for IndustRy Call for ITN – Horizon 2020 Martin Gastal for Frontier project team

2. Agenda →What is Frontier? →How does it work? →What are the key figures? →What expertise do we have so far? →Why an ITN? →Who are the other partners in the consortium? →Infrastructure needs @ CERN? Martin.Gastal@cern.ch 2

3. What is Frontier? →Project to further develop a sensing technology based on optical fibres Range of sensors to be (further) designed Temperature Strain Vibrations Humidity Cryogenics (temperature & Strain) Radiation Gas/molecules detection (ppm range) With the support of EU funding through the Horizon 2020 ITN Train young scientists Bring a technology from R&D to commercial applications for the European industry Martin.Gastal@cern.ch 3

4. How does it work? →Key components Bragg Sensors (off-the-shelf or custom made) Off-the-shelf optical fibre Off-the-shelf Interrogator Data Processing application (calibration, handling of raw data, interrogation control…) User Interface (sending commands, Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition, Data display for end user) Martin.Gastal@cern.ch 4 Interogator MicronOptics SM125 Interogator MicronOptics SM125 Interogator MicronOptics SM125 Data Processing (JAVA) User Interface (PVSS) At CMS, 60 sensors distributed over 3.5km

5. How does it work? →Fiber Bragg Gratings Martin.Gastal@cern.ch 5 Interogator MicronOptics SM125 Interogator MicronOptics SM125 Interogator MicronOptics SM125 Principles of operation Where n eff is the effective refractive index of the fiber, Λ is the grating pitch and λ B is the reflected Bragg wavelength. TEMPERATURE CHANGE Thermal expansion for Termo-optic effect for STRESS Elasto-optic effect for Direct Strain for T

6. What are the key figures? →Sensors Size between 1 and 5mm Temperature resolution: 0.1K - Strain resolution: 1μm/m Coating thickness: 0 - 30 microns (passive or active) Can be spliced or purchased together with fibre as an array Cost: 100 – 500€ per sensor (strongly driven by quantity and type) →Fibres Length 30km (depending on loss/m), diameter up to 160μm once coated Can be glued, can include a metal packaging for soldering Minimum bending radius: 30mm Cost: 0.1CHF/m →Interrogator # of channel: 4 or 16 Can be scaled up using a multiplexing (x4) channel extender # of sensors per channel: 70 (depending on interrogator bandwidth) Readout speed: 2Hz – 1kHz (depending on amount of sensors) Cost: ~13k€ + taxes Martin.Gastal@cern.ch 6 Interogator MicronOptics SM125 Interogator MicronOptics SM125 Interogator MicronOptics SM125

7. Expertise already available →Extensive experience with the design and operation of systems using off-the shelf- components (naked sensors, fibres, interrogators) including development of the data analysis methods and the system integration At CMS Temperature sensors were deployed at various positions on the detector and have been operated for 5 years 24/7. Strain sensors have been used to monitor the effect of magnetic field on the various parts of the detector. →Capabilities through partner Optosmart to test new coatings allowing to explore new fields of application (humidity, cryogenics, gas detection..) →Availability of the CERN facilities and expertise to do prototyping and test new devices is particularly hostile environments (B field, Radiations, Dust, Cryogenics…) Martin.Gastal@cern.ch 7

8. Expertise already available →2 areas of R&D: Use off-the-shelf temperature sensors and turn them into other types of sensors by using a functionalized recoating material.i.e. mechanically sensible to the parameter to be measured ex: B field or Humidity or Gas or Cryo T. For humidity applications, the sensors currently installed in CMS are standard naked temperature sensors that have been coated with hygroscopic material and are operated as strain sensors. Use custom made “ Long Period Bragg” sensors, apply a coating and detect how the optical properties of the fibre are affected by the detection process. A first prototype is being tested at CERN. The goal is to achieve the detection at ppm levels of targeted molecules while using a standard off the shelf interrogator Martin.Gastal@cern.ch 8 Cladding Core Bragg Grating Coating

9. Why an ITN? →What we need most is resources to support young trainees to explore the full potential of this technology and bring it closer to products for end users Components can be purchased from well established suppliers or produced on demand by our partners The scope of the project and the potential areas of applications are well thought through… The expertise exists. Only limited investment in hardware is required. →The ITN goal is also to stimulate the insertion of the trainees into an industrial environment where they may find professional opportunities →ITN provides a 100% funded solution Martin.Gastal@cern.ch 9

10. Who are the other partners in the consortium? →Industrial partners (*End Users) Optosmart, Italy (production and R&D on sensors) Air Liquide *, France (end user for cryogenics applications and gas transport/storage) Amberg Technologies AG *, Switzerland (end user for civil engineering applications) TEMAI, Spain (Aeronautic Engineering Electronics & Equipment) Equipos Nucleares S.A (Nuclear Engineering) →Academic partners CERN CRDC Nuove Tecnologie per la Attivita Produttive SCARL Institute for Nuclear Research Hungarian Academy of Sciences University of Cantabria University of Seville Martin.Gastal@cern.ch 10

11. What are the next steps? →A total of 1,164 proposals were submitted in response to this call. The number of proposals for each topic is shown below: European Training Networks (ETN): 1,004 proposals (86% of total) European Industrial Doctorates (EID): 107 proposals (9% of total) European Joint Doctorates (EJD): 53 proposals (5% of total) →These numbers are similar to the submissions in the last call under FP7 in 2013 when 1.175 proposals were submitted. →The outcome of the evaluation will be communicated to the coordinator main contact (Martin) within 5 month after submission. That means we should hear from the Commission at the beginning of September the latest. Martin.Gastal@cern.ch 11

12. Infrastructure needs @ CERN? →How many researchers would need to be hired for FRONTIER? 15 for a period of ~ 35 months →How many researchers would be based at CERN? Recruitment and supervision of ESRs 8, 9, 12, 13 - 4 Secondment host to ESRs 1, 10, 11, 14, 15 - 5 Martin.Gastal@cern.ch 12 General structure of the FRONtIeR project. Circles and hexagons indicate the primary and secondary allocation of ESRs respectively.

13. Infrastructure needs @ CERN? Cont’d →What infrastructure should CERN provide? Office space Mechanical/electronics/optical workshop to build prototypes Grey room to assemble and test sensors. Enough space should be made available for related instrumentation Meeting rooms and conference space for workshops and training sessions Demo area highlighting the project objectives and CMS’s involvement Posters Screen with short movies showing how FOS are deployed at CMS Future projects involving CMS (Bakelite, Power transport through optical fibres…) Martin.Gastal@cern.ch 13