1. Essential Question  What was the impact of World War I on U.S. society?

2. The War’s Impact

3. Bolshevik Revolution   Bolsheviks = communists who wanted to take control of Russia   March 1917 – Czar Nicholas II left his throne

4. Vladimir Lenin   Leader of the Bolshevik Party   Nov. 1917 – overthrew the Russian government   Beginning of communist government

5. Red Scare  Fear that Communists were trying to start a revolution in the U.S.  Many linked Communist activities with worker strikes and immigration

6. A. Mitchell Palmer  U.S. Attorney General  Home bombed by revolutionaries  He organized a series of raids on radical organizations

7. J. Edgar Hoover  Head of a new division within the Justice Department  Became the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

8. End of Progressivism  Election of 1920  Winner = Warren G. Harding (Republican)  Platform = U.S. must return to “normalcy” as before the Progressive Era reforms

9. A Clash of Values

10. Return of Nativism  Immigrants from southern and eastern Europe  Competition for jobs with military men  Many saw immigrants as a threat to U.S. stability and order

11. Ku Klux Klan  Voice in restricting immigration  Targeted Catholics, Jews, immigrants

12. Emergency Quota Act  Signed by Harding in 1921  Limited immigration with quotas

13. Henry Ford  Goal?  Make an automobile affordable for every household  How?

14. Assembly Line

15. Prohibition  January 1920  18 th amendment – prohibition of alcohol  Enforced by the Treasury Department

16. Speakeasies  Secret bars where people could purchase alcohol  Bootlegging in rural America  Run by organized crime (the mob)

19. Al Capone  Dominated organized crime in Chicago

20. Mass Media  Radio  Movies  Newspapers  Magazines  Aimed at a broad audience

21. Mass Media  Created a sense of shared national experience  Quickly spread new ideas and attitudes

22. African American Culture

23. Harlem Renaissance  Followed the Great Migration  Cities became full of nightclubs and music  One center became Harlem, NYC

24. Harlem Renaissance  Growth of African American arts

25. Langston Hughes  Became the voice of African American experience in the United States

26. I, Too I, too, sing America. I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong. Tomorrow, I’ll be at the table When company comes. Nobody’ll dare Say to me, “Eat in the kitchen,” Then.Besides, They’ll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed --- I, too, am America.

27. Zora Neale Hurston  First major stories featuring African American females in lead roles

28. Louis Armstrong  Early form of jazz  Great cornet and trumpet soloist

29. Duke Ellington  Composer, pianist, bandleader  Got his start at the Cotton Club (Harlem nightspot)

30. Duke Ellington “Everything, and I repeat, everything, had to swing. And that was just it, those cats really had it; they had that soul. And you know you can’t just play some of this music without soul. Soul is very important.”

31. Cotton Club

32. Tin Pan Alley