1. Thermal Energy and Heat

2. Thermal Energy and Matter
Heat – transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of temp. difference
Heat flows spontaneously from hot objects to cold objects

3. Thermal energy – total PE and KE of all the particles in an object
Temperature – measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a ref. pt.
Related to avg. KE of the particles in an object due to their random motion through space
Thermal energy – total PE and KE of all the particles in an object

4. Thermal contraction – when the volume of a material decreases due to a decrease in temperature
Thermal Expansion – increase in the volume of a material due to increase in temp.

5. Specific heat – amt. of heat needed to raise the temp
Specific heat – amt. of heat needed to raise the temp. of 1g of a material by 1 degree Celsius

6. Heat and Thermodynamics
Conduction – transfer of thermal energy with no overall transfer of matter
Occurs within a material or between materials that are touching
Occurs slower in gases than in liquids or solids
Thermal Conductor – material that conducts thermal energy well
Thermal insulators – poor conductor of thermal energy

8. Convection
Convection – transfer of thermal energy when particles of a fluid move from one place to another

9. Convection currents – occur when a fluid circulates in a loop as it alternately heats up and cools down
Important in many natural cycles such as ocean currents, weather systems, and movements of hot rock in Earth’s interior

11. Radiation – transfer of energy by waves moving through space
All objects radiate energy
Rate at which energy radiates increases with temp.