1. The Properties of Water Unit13 Reading

3. Look at the titles and pictures in the text. Do not read the whole text. Pick out the topic of each paragraph and use the structures below to make six questions.

4. 1.What is/are _________________? 2.What does __________ look like? 3.What are different parts of_______? 4.What can ______ be compared to? 5.How does ___________________ work? 6.What are some examples of __________________? (Various answers are possible) the properties of water the earth the ocean the special air-conditioner—the ocean species in the ocean

5. Structure of the passage 1 minute to skim the passage, focusing on the titles (title and subtitles)in the text and then fill in the chart below. You do not need to read the whole text. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE SALINITY THE PROPERTIES OF WATER DENSITY HEAT CAPACITY OCEAN MOTION

6. Reading Reading Finding Topic Sentences

7. Topic Sentence of the text: Paragraph: ________ Sentence: Topic Sentence of SALINITY: Paragraph: ______ Sentence: Topic Sentence of CHEMICAL STRUCTURE: Paragraph: ________ Sentence: Finding Topic Sentences 7 3 2 Learning about the properties of water helps us understand life on our planet. The chemical structure of water makes it an excellent medium for life. The salinity of the earth's oceans is about thirty-five parts per thousand, meaning that there are about thirty-five grammes of dissolved solids and gases in one kilogramme of water. READING:

8. Topic Sentence of HEAT CAPACITY: Paragraph: ________ Sentence: Topic Sentence of DENSITY: Paragraph: ________ Sentence: 4 The density of pure water is 1,000 kg/m3, meaning that one cubic metre of water weighs one thousand kilogrammes. 5 Heat capacity is the mount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree centigrade. Topic Sentence of OCEAN MOTION: Paragraph: ________ Sentence: 6 Since changes in salinity and temperature affect water's density, the water in the ocean is always moving.

9. Reading Reading careful reading

10. incredibly: unbelievably doubtfully extremely questionably Paragraph 1. ______________percent of the living space on earth is in the oceans. There are about _______________ species in the oceans. Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton all the (paraphrase) way up to giants like sharks and whales. (paraphrase) range from…to / range between …and… __ 从 … 到.. 之间变化 ___ all the way 一直 ，一路上, 完全 Jack climbed all the way to the top of the tree. √ √ Ninety-nine five million 海洋里的生物从微小的浮游生物到巨大的动物，如 鲨鱼和鲸鱼，都无所不包。

11. Normal state of water: solid liquid gas negative end: + – ↑ ↓ positive end: + – ↑ ↓ polar: + – ↑ ↓ medium: average channel means condition Paragraph 2. H 2 O:2_______________ + 1____________ = 1___________ Hydrogen Atoms Oxygen Atom H 2 O Molecule √ √√ √ √ √

12. Why is the chemical structure of water important? 1. Because water is polar, it can break down both solids and gases. 2.The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean quickly become available to other living creatures. 3. The chemical structure of water also makes it different from almost everything else on earth. The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean quickly become available to other living creatures. (paraphrase) 通过任何渠道进入海洋里的营养物质都能很快被其它生物所利用 ___________________________________________________________________

13. salinity of sea water: 35‰ 35% Paragraph 3. sea water (salt water) = ________________+ ________________+_________________ salinity of sea water affects: ___________and_________________ √ dissolved gases dissolved solids pure water weight freezing point Paragraph 4. Factors of density: ___________ and _______________ Unit of density: _____________ = ________________________________ Density of pure water: ____________________ = ______________________________________________________________ When water freezes, its density decreases. If it did not, the oceans would be frozen solid. (paraphrase) ______________________________________________________________________________ massvolume kg/m3 kilogrammes per cubic metre 1,000 kg/m3 one cubic metre of water weighs one thousand kilogrammes 当水结冰时，它的密度就小。如果密度不减小，整个海洋就会冻结 成固体。

14. Opposite word/phrase of absorb: give off change create Heat capacity: water temperature substanc energy Paragraph 5. Paragraph 6. How does the water in the ocean move? √ √ Paragraph 7. Main idea: ________________________________ Water, which seems so simple and common, is what makes life possible. Of all the resources on earth -- oil, gas, gold and so on -- nothing is as precious as a drop of rain. (paraphrase) ______________________________________________________________________________ significance of water to nature Dense water sinks and less dense water is pushed to the surface.

15. Post—reading

16. Scan and fill in the form: propertyWhat is it?What is it good for? chemical structure density heat capacity ocean motion Task Three

17. Chemical structure: What is it good for? Because water is polar,it can break down nutrients quickly. They can quickly become available to other living creatures. The water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The water molecule is polar---it has a slightly negative and a slightly positive end.

18. Water’s unique chemical structure Oxygen Atom Hydrogen Atom Apolarmolecule

19. Density: Density is the relationship between mass and volume. What is it good for? Marine animals and plants take advantage of the density of water. It helps small creatures to float. Because the density of water decreases when it freezes,the ocean never freezes totally.

20. Heat capacity: Heat capacity is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance one degree centigrade. What is it good for? The heat capacity of water keeps the oceans at a steady temperature,which makes it a good place to live for creatures that are sensitive to sudden changes in temperature. The water in the oceans also keeps the temperature of earth steady.

21. Ocean motion: Dense water sinks and less dense water is pushed to the surface.So the water in the ocean is always moving. What is it good for? The circulation adds energy to marine ecosystem and moves nutrients around.

22. Word study

23. Ex.1. Check your Anawers: 1 otmas atoms 2 tanomu amount 3 sdlio solid 4 oasbrb absorb 5 cgrnetidea centigrade 6 sag gas 7 nhroygde hydrogen 8 yoxgen oxygen 9 assm mass 10 fatol float

24. Ex.2. Fill in the blanks with the proper words. The first letter has been given. Some words are used more than once. Ex.2. Fill in the blanks with the proper words. The first letter has been given. Some words are used more than once. 1.The water molecule is made up of two h__________ atoms and one o_________ atom. 2.Water is a l______ at room temperature, but it turns into a s______ when the temperature drops below 0 º C and into a g____ when heated above 100 º C. 3.An a________ is the smallest part of any living or nonliving thing. 4.Places by the sea often have a s________ climate that is never too hot or too cold, because water can a________ and release a lot of heat. ydrogenxygen iquid olid as tom teady bsorb

25. 5.Soil can a________ water, so it helps keep water from flowing away. 6.Marine scientists study the r___________ between living creatures and their habitat in the ocean. 7.Salt water has a lower f_________ point and is heavier than fresh water. 8.Oil has a density lower than 1,000 kg/m3, so it will f________ on water. 9.Heat d________ the candle into a pool of wax in a few minutes. 10.Now nobody can be sure any longer that the air in the countryside is p________ and healthy. elationship reezing loat issolves ure bsorb

27. range from…to range between …and… 海洋里的生物从微小的浮游生物到巨大的动物，如 鲨鱼和鲸鱼，都无所不包。 1.Their ages range from 12to 25. 2.Prices range between 30 yuan and 50 yuan 1. Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest plankton all the way up to giants like shakes and whales. 从 … 到.. 之间变化

28. 2. The nutrients in whatever falls into the ocean quickly became available to other living things. 通过任何渠道进入海洋的营养物质都能很快被 其他生物所利用. whatever 引导名词性从句, 相当于 anything that 1.It is not wise to give children whatever they want. ( 宾语从句 ) 2.Whatever Ｉ do is for your good.( 主语从句 ) 3.Take whatever you want.( 宾语从句 ) 注意 :whatever 引导名词性从句时, 不能用 no matter what 代替

29. 拓展：引导状语从句时， no matter what=whatever no matter who=whoever no matter where= wherever no matter when=whenever no matter how=however 1. 不管发生什么事，我们都决心完成任务。 Whatever happens,we are determined to complete the task. =No matter what happens,

30. 2. 无论你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。 3. 无论谁触犯了法律，他最终都会受到惩罚。 No matter when you come,you are welcome. =Whenever you come, No matter who breaks law,he will be punished in time. =Whoever breaks law,

31. 3.Even though the pure water is what gives sea water its main properties,the salinity of sea water affects both its weight and freezing point. 尽管是纯水赋予了海水的主要特征, 然而海水的 盐度却影响了它的重量和冰点. what gives sea…=the thing that gives sea… 为表语从句 她不是她以前的样子了. She is not what she used to be.

32. 4.Marine animals and plants take advantage of the density of water. 海洋动物和植物利用了水的密度的特性. take advantage of 1.I took advantage of the fine weather to play tennis.( 利用 … 机会 ) 2.He often took advantage of her trustfulness. ( 利用 … 别人的弱点或处境 ) have an advantage over … 在某方面比较有利 1.You see,you have an advantage over me. you can make a dress.

33. 5.Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a stable environment. 海水可以吸收或释放出大量的热量而其温度不会 变化很大, 因此, 能创造一个稳定的环境. absorb 吸收 Black cloth absorbs heat. be absorbed in…. 专心于 I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear your call. give off 释放 The flowers give off a sweet fragrance.

34. stable 稳定的 a stable job His character is very stable.

35. 6.Most animals are sensitive to large or sudden changes in temperature…. 大多数动植物对于温度的巨变或突变都是很敏感的 be sensitive to… 对 … 敏感 1.She is very sensitive to the cold/heat. 2.You should not be so sensitive to criticism sensitive 敏感的, 神经过敏的, 神经质的 a sensitive skin 过敏的皮肤

36. Fill in the blanks with the proper words. The first letter has been given. 1.O_____is a gas without color,taste or smell. 2.An a_____can combine to form a molecule. 3. The d_____of the fog made it difficult to see where we were going. 4.H________is the lightest gas with no colour, taste or smell,which combines with oxygen to form water. 5. Sound travels through the m______of air. 6. Can you tell us the most important P_______of water. xygen tom ensity ydrogen edia roperty

37. 7.The soil can a______water,so it helps to keep water from flowing away. 8.Oil has a density lower than 1,000kg/m, so it will f_____on water. bsorb loat