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Carbon Cycle Chapter 5-Section 2: p. 132, also p. 125 & 128
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Reservoirs of Carbon Forms of carbon stores or storage places
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Reservoirs of Carbon Where is carbon? The major reservoir (storage) of carbon is carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere
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Reservoirs of Carbon Where is carbon? Other reservoirs: Organic matter (makes up living things): proteins, fats, carbohydrates Fossil fuels (buried remains of organisms)
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Processes of Carbon How carbon is transformed & cycled through an ecosystem
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Processes of Carbon Important processes that cycle carbon into living organisms: Photosynthesis Heterotrophy (food chain)
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Processes of Carbon Photosynthesis Autotrophs use photosynthesis to convert light energy (sun) into chemical energy (sugar; glucose)
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Processes of Carbon The Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis is… 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Note: What molecules of carbon are shown above?
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Don’t forget, autotrophs… Include plants, algae, bacteria Contain chlorophyll (pigment to absorb light) Are producers Form the base of ecological pyramids
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Processes of Carbon Heterotrophy As organisms consume food, energy travels from one organism to another So does carbon, but it’s transformed (changes form) again Heterotrophs have less energy available to them from autotrophs
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Processes of Carbon Processes that cycle carbon out ofliving organisms: Processes that cycle carbon out of living organisms: Respiration Burning fossil fuels Decay & decomposition Click here to view animation
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Processes of Carbon Respiration (cellular) Chemical reaction to break down carbohydrates It’s how organisms get energy out of the sugars ALL ORGANISMS RESPIRE!!! (plants too)
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Processes of Carbon The Chemical Equation for Respiration is… C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP (ATP is an energy molecule) Note: What molecules of carbon are shown above?
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Processes of Carbon Short-term Photosynthesis & respiration Long-term (always think the “rock cycle”) Carbon found in bones and shells for limestone rocks Deposits of coal, oil and natural gas (fossil fuels)
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Molecules of Carbon Forms of carbon (compounds, molecules, atoms)
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Molecules of Carbon In the atmosphere Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) In living things Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) or sugar/carbohydrates, fats, proteinsUnderground Rocks (limestone) and fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas
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Nitrogen Cycle Chapter 5-Section 2: p. 134
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Reservoirs of Nitrogen Where is nitrogen found? The major reservoir of nitrogen is the atmosphere as nitrogen gas (N 2 )
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Reservoirs of Nitrogen Where is nitrogen found? Other reservoirs: In the ground as nitrates (fertilizers) In proteins that make up organisms
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Processes of Nitrogen How nitrogen is transformed & cycled through an ecosystem
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Processes of Nitrogen Important processes that cycle nitrogen into living organisms: Nitrogen fixation Absorption Heterotrophy (food chain)
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Processes of Nitrogen Nitrogen Fixation Bacteria that live on roots of legumes (bean plants like soybean or clover) convert atmospheric N 2 to a “fixed” form that plants can absorb I.e. it makes fertilizer
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Processes of Nitrogen Heterotrophy Plants absorb “fixed” nitrogen from the soil (fertilizer) As organisms consume food, nitrogen travels from one organism to another is used to make proteins
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Processes of Nitrogen Processes that cycle nitrogen out ofliving organisms: Processes that cycle nitrogen out of living organisms: Excretion Decomposition Denitrification Click here to view animation
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Processes of Nitrogen Excretion Animals release nitrogenous wastes in the form of urine or dung Also known as ‘ammonification’
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Processes of Nitrogen Decomposition Bacteria, insects, fungi break down wastes and decaying plants and animals Release Nitrogen back into the soil
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Processes of Nitrogen Denitrification Bacteria transform a small amount into nitrogen gas, which returns to the atmosphere
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Processes of Nitrogen Short-term Fixation, absorption & decomposition
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Molecules of Nitrogen Forms of nitrogen
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Molecules of Nitrogen In the atmosphere Nitrogen gas (N 2 ) In living things ProteinsUnderground Ammonium nitrates (fertilizers)
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Phosphorus Cycle Chapter 5-Section 2: p. 135
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Reservoirs of Phosphorus Forms of phorphorus stores or storage places
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Reservoirs of Phosphorus Where is phosphorus found? The major reservoir of phosphorus is in salts & rock sediment Other reservoirs include waterways (washed from eroded rocks and emptied in oceans)
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Processes of Phosphorus How phosphorus is transformed & cycled
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Processes of Phosphorus How phosphorus cycles into living organisms: Erosion of rocks Absorption Heterotrophy (food chain)
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Processes of Phosphorus Erosion Small amounts of phosphorus dissolve in soil and water
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Processes of Phosphorus Heterotrophy Plants absorb phosphates from the soil As organisms consume food, phosphorus travels from one organism to another and is used to make bones and teeth
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Processes of Phosphorus How phosphorus cycles out of living organisms: Excretion Decomposition Click here to view animation (narrated choice available)
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Processes of Phosphorus Short-term Absorption & decomposition Long-term (always think the “rock cycle”) Phosphorus cycle mainly involves reserves underground and on the bottom of the ocean
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Molecules of Phosphorus Forms of phosphorus (compounds, molecules, atoms)
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Molecules of Phosphorus In living things Cells of living things, bones, teeth and DNAUnderground Rocks (limestone) and ocean sediment (phosphates)
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Key Points Carbon makes up the basis for all organic life Most nitrogen is unusable in the atmosphere; we all depend on bacteria to “fix” it for us Phosphorus does not cycle through the atmosphere Long-term part of each cycle includes forming and eroding rock; whereas the short-term part of each cycle is the movement between living things
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Humans Affects Chapter 5-Section 2: p. 133, 136
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How humans affect cycles Carbon cycle By burning fossil fuels we release carbon into the atmosphere (about ½ remains in the atmosphere) Phophorus & Nitrogen cycles Excessive amounts of fertilizer can cause too much algae growth, which use up oxygen Nitric oxides are released when fossils fuels are burned and mix with water vapor to form acid rain
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