1. The Industrial Revolution From England to America

2. Industrial Revolution  Changes in lives were so great  named “ Industrial Revolution ”  People left homes to work in mills  Earned wages

3. Where did it begin?  England  Textile industry – making cloth

5. Technological Developments in English textile industry  Spinning Jenny  James Hargreaves – c. 1770  Could spin 8 threads at once  Operated by 1 person  Faster production  more  cheaper

6. © http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/011.html/Feb 25, 2004

7. © http://www.trowbridgemuseum.co.uk/tourspin ning.htm/Feb. 35, 2004 © http://www.trowbridgemuseum.co.uk/ tourspinning2.htm/Feb. 25, 2004

8.  Water Frame  Richard Arkwright  Improved Hargreaves ’ ideas  Water power © http://www2.exnet.com/1995/10/10/science/science.html/Feb. 25, 2004

9. © http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/011.html/Feb. 25, 2004 Arkwright ’ s improvement on Hargreaves ’ invention – spinning frame

10.  Spinning Mill  Richard Arkwright  Several spinning machines in a building © http://www2.exnet.com/1995/10/10/science/science.html/Feb. 25, 2004

11.  Power Loom  Edmund Cartwright  Used water power to run looms Power Loom © http://www.saburchill.com/history/chap ters/IR/012.html, Feb 25, 2004

12. © http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blwaterwheel.htm, Feb. 24, 2004 © http://www.dundasloom.com, Feb. 25, 2004

13. The Industrial Revolution comes to the U.S.  Samuel Slater  Pawtucket, Rhode Island   Rhode Island factory System © http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi384.htm, Feb. 24, 2004

14. Spinning frame from Slater ’ s factory - © http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://smithsonianlegacies.si.edu/objectdescription.cfm%3FID=131, Feb. 25, 2004

15. The Rhode Island System  Slater duplicated English technology  Mills made thread  Women in homes wove thread into cloth  Whole families worked for mill

16. The Waltham-Lowell System  Francis Cabot Lowell  Waltham, Massachusetts  Launched the factory system – bringing all manufacturing steps into one place to increase efficiency

17. Changes in New England

18.  “ Lowell Girls ” – advertised for local farm girls, who boarded at the factory  Canal System Canal System  Power drives Power drives

19. Results of factory system  Employees no longer set own priorities, hours, conditions  Work conditions suffered – long hours for very low pay, no safety regulations

21. More results...  Women were first to protest factory conditions  Child labor  Poor conditions  Led eventually to labor unions/labor laws

22. Urbanization

23. Meanwhile, in the South - Eli Whitney  1793 - Cotton Gin  Processed 50x amount of short-staple cotton than by hand © http://www.eliwhitney.org/ew.html, Feb. 25, 2004

24. PATENT NUMBER: 72X TITLE: Cotton Gin March 14, 1794 Eli Whitney © http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blcotton_gin_patent.htm,Feb. 25, 2004 © http://www.eliwhitney.org/ew.html, Geb. 24, 2004

25. © http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/where/cotton.htm, Feb. 25, 2004 © http://www.archives.gov/digital_classroom/lessons/cotton _gin_patent/cotton_gin_patent.html,Feb. 24, 2004

26. © http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/ 3h1522b.html, Feb. 24, 2004

27. Effects of Cotton Gin  Southerners were able to grow short-staple cotton profitably; this variety grew inland (as far as Texas), unlike sea island cotton  Cotton Kingdom - More and more invested in growing cotton

28. More effects...  Southerners who ’ d been seeking a cash crop to replace tobacco found it  England ’ s textile mills created a demand for cotton that the South filled

29. More effects...  Demand for labor increased  demand for slaves increased.  1807-1808 – Slavery was not abolished (Constitutional Convention compromise)  Slave imports increase as cotton exports rise

30. Back to the Factories - Interchangeable Parts  Whitney ’ s most important invention  Identical machine parts that could be quickly put together to form a product  Gunsmithing – government contract for muskets

31. Interchangeable Parts  Repair easy – replace broken piece  Foundation for 20 th century assembly line technology  Led to mass production  lower cost for goods

32. © http://www.eliwhitney.org/arms.htm, Feb. 25, 2004

33. Effects of the Industrial Revolution  Change in lives of workers  Poor pay and working conditions  Long hours  Immigrant population  labor  Women work outside home  Urbanization (as people move to cities to work in factories)

34. Factory Work

35. Effects…  Further polarization of American economics  North – industry, business  South – agriculture, cotton, slavery  Greater US industrial power