1. 1 Farming and the Emergence of Complex Societies 10,000 – 1,000 BCE. From Neolithic Village to Complex Societies (Urban)

2. 2 Farming and complex societies? I thought we were still I thought we were still hunting and gathering! Farming and complex societies are the result of CHANGE…

3. 3 1,000 years agoToday 10,000 years ago Big Era 3 Changes that occurred by the end of the Paleolithic Era (Beginning of Neolithic) 1.Homo sapiens appear. 2.Language develops. 3.Habitats expand. 4.Technology multiplies. 5.Wall painting and sculpture are created.

4. 4 1,000 years ago 10,000 years ago Today Big Era 3

5. 5 Quite a few, Huh? Notice any Differences?

6. 6 HERE? HERE to So, how did we get from…

7. 7 which reflects the DOMESTICATION of… and plants animals 1,000 years agoToday 10,000 years ago Big Era 3 One of the major changes is reflected in this frieze on a wall in Mesopotamia (today Iraq) :

8. 8 Have you ‘herd’ about pastoralism? Have you ‘herd’ about pastoralism? Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change. It resulted in the new way of living we know as FARMING(AGRICULTURE)… 1,000 years agoToday 10,000 years ago Big Era 3 …which included both PASTORALISM (herding sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and camels), and…

9. 9 Crop-growing (cultivating domesticated plants), and… 1,000 years agoToday 10,000 years ago Big Era 3

10. 10 the development of… FARMING COMMUNITIES 1,000 years agoToday 10,000 years ago Big Era 3

11. 11 Mesoamerica AndesAmazonia Eastern North America New Guinea China Ethiopia WestAfrica Fertile Crescent Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farming appeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places, possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map. 1,000 years agoToday 10,000 years ago Big Era 3 Nile valley

12. 12 Prior to farming, population size was limited by availability of wild game, grain, berries, seeds, and nuts. Farming and the large, relatively dependable crops it provides allowed for… POPULATION INTENSIFICATION- larger & denser

13. 13 At the same time, farmers in some places were, in spite of population growth, able to produce SURPLUS food. SURPLUS food. What does SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION mean for a society?

14. 14 SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION… …not everyone has to grow food or tend animals. They can specialize in some non- farming task.

15. 15 This is called… Job Specialization. Men and women may become: WeaversWeavers Stone MasonsStone Masons PottersPotters PriestsPriests ScribesScribes TradersTraders Army officersArmy officers

16. 16 Domestication of Plants and Animals Farming Surplus Food Specialization PopulationIntensification Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION 1,000 years agoToday 10,000 years ago Big Era 3

17. 17 Elements of civilization include: Mohenjo Daro Harrapa Hammurabi’s Law Code It’s the law Pharaohs 1) Cities 2) Central/organized governments and Law codes

18. 18 1) Cities Elements of Civilization include: Can you identify the society the societyrepresented by each of these two writing samples? 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religions 2) Central/org governments and law codes and law codes

19. 19 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religion 5) Specialized Jobs Full-time monk Assyrian slaves In Egypt 6) Social Classes 1) Cities 2) Central/org Governments and law codes Elements of Civilization include:

20. 20 7) Public Works & complex Technologies Chariot Bronze Sword 5) Specialized jobs 6) Social classes 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religion 1) Cities 2) Central/org governments and law codes Elements of Civilization include: Aqueduct

21. 21 5) Specialized jobs 6) Social classes 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religion 1) Cities 2) Central/org governments and law codes Elements of Civilization include: 7) Public Works & Complex Technologies Egyptian Pyramid Bronze Wine Vessel 8) Art & Architecture

22. 22 Good job, huh? Check your answers below: Good job if your list includes: 1.Cities 2.Central/Organized Governments and law codes 3.Writing and record-keeping 4.Specialized jobs 5.Social classes 6.Public Works & Complex Technologies 7.Highly organized religions 8.Art & Architecture

23. 23 3,000 years ago By 3,000 BCE, societies in Southwest Asia and Egypt were developing elements of complex societies. 1,000 years agoToday 10,000 years ago Big Era 3

24. 24 By the end of this era, about 1000 BCE, there were several well- established civilizations in Afroeurasia. There were also two new ones in the Americas.

25. 25 Mesopotamia-Sumer- c 3300 BCE Central gov’t of city-state Warring city-states Army Religious ctrs Cuneiform Irrigation systems Code of Hammurabi Epic of Gilgamesh Egypt- Nile River Valley c 3300 BCE 1000’s of cities with 1 Pharoah Unification & formation of state c 3100 BCE Irrigation/control of Nile Hieroglyphics Social stratification Capital cities- Memphis N & Thebes S Indus Valley c 2500 BCE Far-flung cities Lack of social stratification Interregional trade No written records China c 1700 BCE Emphasis on ancestor worship Warring villages Powerful army Oracle Bones Social stratification Walled areas Mesoamerica & South America c 500 BCE Religious Shrines & Monuments Long-distance trade NOT on rivers No writing system Some city-states Powerful gov’t Bantu-Niger c 250 BCE Migrations of pop Communities-1 chief Jenne-jeno Ancestor worship No written language

26. 26 INNOVATIONVSDIFFUSION can you match the definitions? spread of ideas, objects or traits from one culture to another primary center; something new

27. 27 WOMEN subordination of WOMEN believed to have started with cities before were equal with kin groups; now women lose equality due to division of labor? Me Tarzan You Jane

28. 28 Now, looking back let’s review the major changes. 1,000 years agoToday 10,000 years ago Big Era 3

29. 29 Domestication of Plants and Animals Farming Surplus Food Specialization PopulationIntensification Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION 1,000 years agoToday 10,000 years ago Big Era 3

30. 30 That translates into: FarmersHerdersCities Central governments Armies Monumental buildings Written language Social hierarchies Complex belief systems In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 1,000 BCE they all did.

31. 31. Not only has life changed culturally and technologically, but also the rate of change has accelerated. 10k years ago Art 200k yrs ago Language Today Big Eras 4-9 1k years ago Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, chiles, potatoes—all domesticated Plow farming Law Codes Chariots Temple building Sailing technology Coppersmelting Alphabet Wheel Writing Irrigation Regular trade routes Calendars Pottery Bow & arrow Pyramids Walled cities Letters and envelopes 360-degree circle BE3

32. 32 What factors do you think might account for this increasing rate of change? the rate of change from Paleolithic times to Neolithic times is enormous.

33. 33 The Classical Era! Coming SOON to a classroom near you.