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Scientific Investigations Science Fusion – Holt McDougal Sciencesaurus – Great Source Education Group
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Testable (scientifically testable) – –A term used to describe a question that can be answered through an experiment or observation.
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An organized scientific study of the natural world that may include making systematic observations, asking questions, gathering information, analyzing data, summarizing results, drawing conclusions, and/or communicating results. Investigation
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A scientific test or procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to answer a scientific question. Experiment
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Controlled variable—A factor or condition in a scientific experiment that is purposefully kept the same.
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There are experiments that can be done in the field, but fewer conditions can be controlled. Sometimes discoveries can be made without conducting experiments.
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Observation––Information about the natural world gathered through the senses and/or scientific instruments.
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Hypothesis––A statement that can be tested scientifically through experiments and/or other scientific investigations.
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A hypothesis can be tested through an experiment or investigation. Variable—An event, condition, or factor that can be changed or controlled in order to study or test a hypothesis in a scientific experiment.
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Test variable (independent variable)—The variable manipulated by the experimenter in order to study changes in the outcome variable.
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The hypothesis will identify the test variable. A simple experiment should have one test variable; all other variables should remain constant so that they do not affect the results.
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The hypothesis is tested by measuring the outcome variable. Outcome variable (dependent variable)—A factor, usually being measured or observed, that responds to, or depends on, another factor (test variable).
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Control group—A group in a scientific experiment that serves as a reference for comparison to the experimental group; a group that is untreated by the factor being tested.
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Data is gathered through observation or experimentation. Everything that occurs needs to be recorded as well as the set up and procedures of an experiment.
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Data is analyzed to determine the relationship between the test and outcome variables. Then conclusions can be drawn and a determination made whether the data supports the hypothesis.
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Scientific Study Defining a problem Forming a hypothesis and making a prediction Planning an investigation Identifying variables Collecting and organizing data Interpreting data and analyzing information Drawing and defending conclusions.
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Data/Results should be verified through repetition and replication.
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Repetition versus Replication Repetition—Making multiple sets of measurements or observations in a scientific investigation. Repetition is when an activity is repeated by the same person(s).
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Repetition versus Replication Replication—The reproduction of a scientific investigation by another person to ensure accuracy. Replication is when an activity is reproduced (or copied) by a different person(s).
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Scientists and researchers verify results through repetition and replication to ensure accuracy and reliability.
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