1. INTERCONNECTED DOMESTIC AMERICAN SYSTEM – PROMOTES MAJOR EXPANSIVE FORCE = COTTON TRADE Market Revolution

2. Essential Questions: What are the factors that contributed to the development of the market economy? What is the impact of the market economy: Economically, Socially, Politically?

3. New Nationalism: Era of Good Feelings 1812-1820 High period of prosperity and nationalism - unity American System – Clay  Protective tariff  Second BUS  FFII Internal Expansion – economically & west  Land and cotton trade = major expansion force

4. Economic Nationalism Transportation infrastructure Development in commercial agriculture, business/manufacturing & trade Creativity and innovation Unity Jeffersonian and Hamiltonian goals and methods Role of Govt.

5. Impact Opportunity Growth – economic, geographic Specialization Sectionalism

6. Sectional Economies: South Cotton Elements for success  Land  Slavery (unfree labor)  Cotton gin  Demand – textiles – domestic/Europe

7. Sectional Economies: North Textile (primary)/shoes etc. Elements for success  Water  Capital  Labor (free)  technology

8. Regional Economies: West Commercial agriculture – regional centers – grain/livestock –linked by rivers Far West – furs, exchanges with the tribes

9. Contributing Factors Distribution system Interconnected domestic market Unity --- Sectionalism tensions

10. Transportation Revolution Issue = create a cheap, efficient and dependable system Roads ----Canals-----Steamboats Emerging solution = RR Postal system Sectional differences

11. Lancaster Turnpike 1790 By 1832 – 2400 miles of turnpikes

12. Conestoga Wagons &Trails

13. Yankee Clipper Ships

14. Fulton and the Steamship The Clermont

15. Erie Canal System – Clinton

16. Erie Canal 1820

17. Demographics Population increase – 5.3-9.6 M Labor & markets Geographic changes – mobility – geographic, seeking opportunity Regional changes – NE --- more urban, S and W --- agrarian

18. Favorable Government Actions Limited liability and incorporation laws Easy credit - climate for risk Supreme Court Ruling which fostered economic development  Fletcher v Peck 1810  McCulloch v MD 1819  Gibbons v Ogden 1824  Dartmouth v Woodward 1824

19. Key Supreme Court Cases Fletcher v Peck & Dartmouth v Woodward – sanctity of contracts (public and private) (SCt. >state leg.) McCulloch v MD  Implied powers clause affirmed  BUS affirmed Gibbons v Ogden- federal government regulates interstate commerce Cohens v VA – SCt >state SCt

20. Technology Steam power Interchangeable parts Cotton gin Power loom & spinning jenny Power press Eventually the telegraph

21. The Cotton Gin

22. Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable parts rifle

23. Entrepreneurial Leadership & Innovation Factory system – Lowell System Laborers = Mill girls; paternalism Finance – Boston Associates

24. Use of Water Power

25. Impact: Labor Mill Girls – Dublin essay Decreased status artisans and workers Gutman – transformation and adjustment Decreased autonomy First labor issues – ability to control conditions/terms of work Commonwealth v Hunt 1842 – right to strike

26. Lowell Girls

27. “Mill Worker” James Taylor Millwork ain’t easy Millwork ain’t hard Millwork it ain’t nothing But an awful boring job I’m waiting for a daydream To take me through the morning And put me in my coffee break Where I can have a sandwich And Remember Then it’s me and my machine For the rest of the morning For the rest of the afternoon And the rest of my life So I may work the mills just as long as I am able And never meet the man whose name is on the label

28. Lowell Dormitories “Oh isn’t it a pity that a girl as pretty as I – Should be sent to a factory to pine away and die. Oh I cannot be a slave. I will not be a slave. For I am too fond of liberty.”

29. Socio-economic Impact Middle class emerges Division of labor male/female Social mobility – possibilities Maldistribution of wealth increased Increasing working class Loss of status for the craftsman New emphases – speed, time, efficiency Materialism – wealth > intellect Boom – Bust cycle

30. Political and Economic Impact Sectionalism affected the party system faction – 2APPS (economics) Environmental consequences Anxiety – fears about loss of opportunity Racism – fear of failure increased  Job competition in northern states

31. Images and Stereotypes The minstrel show Reinforced ideas

32. End of the Era of Good Feelings Panic of 1819 – first major depression Missouri Compromise 1820 Defeats of FFII – Bonus Bill Increasing sectional identity

33. Missouri Compromise 1820 Issue – extension of slavery Tallmadge Amendment – post natal emancipation Sectional tensions – issues are highlighted Compromise – Clay ---”sacred”  Maine free/Missouri slave (pattern balances Senate)  No slavery north of 36 30 in Louisiana Purchase territory --

34. Missouri Compromise

35. Ante Bellum American Art Patriotic Art – post War of 1812 Classic themes in sculpture and architecture

36. US Customs House 1836

37. Jefferson Rotunda UVA 1819

38. Capitol Rotunda

39. Washington - Greenough

40. Washington Crossing the Delaware 1851 - Leutze

41. Our Banner in the Sky -Church

42. Hudson River School 1820-70 Capture the undiluted power of nature Paint the most spectacular and undeveloped areas –”Garden of Eden” Nature is the best source of wisdom and fulfillment Visual representation of ideas of Transcendentalism  Art as agent of moral and spiritual transformation  Art as way the universal mind reaches human mind

43. Characteristics New art for a new land Grand scenic vistas Humans are insignificant Broken tree/stump = symbol Experiments with effect of light on sky and water

44. Issues and Themes Transcendentalist thinking Western expansion American nationalism –”What is an American?” creation of national mythology Racism and Native Americans Political extremism Impact of civilization on nature – price paid for civilization

45. Nature’s Wonderland – Doughty 1835

46. Niagara – Church 1857

47. Catskill’s Early Autumn - Cole

48. The Oxbow – Cole 1836

49. The Course of Empire:The Savage State – Cole 1834

50. The Course of Empire: The Pastoral State – Cole 1836

51. The Course of Empire: Consummation – Cole 1836

52. The Course of Empire: Destruction – Cole 1836

53. The Course of Empire: Desolation – Cole 1836

54. Kindred Spirit – Durand 1849

55. Boston Harbor from Constitution Wharf –Salmon 1833

56. Watercolors by Audubon

57. Fur Trappers Descending the Missouri – Bingham 1845

58. Frontier Artists Noble Savage Stoic Indian Demonic Indian Doomed Indian

59. Young Omahaw – King 1821

60. Buffalo Bull’s Fat Back: Head Chief Blood Tribe – Caitlin 1832

61. Mato Tope – Bodmer 1821

62. Osage Scalp Dance –Stanley 1845

63. The Last of the Race – Matteson 1847

64. Dying Indian Contemplating the Progress of Civilization Crawford 1857 Manifest Destiny Post Civil War