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The Rules The 25 Grammar Rules. 1. Do not abbreviate “and.” Do not use the plus sign “+,“ or an ampersand “&.”

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Presentation on theme: "The Rules The 25 Grammar Rules. 1. Do not abbreviate “and.” Do not use the plus sign “+,“ or an ampersand “&.”"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Rules The 25 Grammar Rules

2 1. Do not abbreviate “and.” Do not use the plus sign “+,“ or an ampersand “&.”

3 2. Do not abbreviate days of the week or months. Notice that February has an “r” after the “b” and Wednesday has an “n” after the “d.” MondayJanuaryAugust MondayJanuaryAugust TuesdayFebruarySeptember TuesdayFebruarySeptember WednesdayMarchOctober WednesdayMarchOctober ThursdayAprilNovember ThursdayAprilNovember FridayMayDecember FridayMayDecember SaturdayJune SaturdayJune SundayJuly SundayJuly

4 Capitalize the abbreviations of cities, states, countries, and other places. Capitalize the abbreviations of cities, states, countries, and other places. NJU.S. Washington, D.C. U.K. NJU.S. Washington, D.C. U.K. Remember: Use a state abbreviation only in an address or reference, not in formal writing. Remember: Use a state abbreviation only in an address or reference, not in formal writing. Capitalize the abbreviations B.C., A.D., A.M., and P.M. Capitalize the abbreviations B.C., A.D., A.M., and P.M. Capitalize the abbreviations of organizations and agencies by using the initial letters of the complete name. Notice that these abbreviations do not usually take periods: FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund), UN (United Nations). Capitalize the abbreviations of organizations and agencies by using the initial letters of the complete name. Notice that these abbreviations do not usually take periods: FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund), UN (United Nations).

5 3. Write out all numbers that are one or two words long; anything longer you may use the numbers. Words that end in “y” require a hyphen to connect with another word. One Fifty-five One Fifty-five One hundredThirteen hundred One hundredThirteen hundred 125Four million 1,303 125Four million 1,303

6 4. Do not use slang expressions such as “guy,” “dude,” “phat,” etc. Use conventional, widely accepted terms that either mean the same thing or are more descriptive. That guy asked for help That guy asked for help That student asked for help That student asked for help Hang a left at the intersection Hang a left at the intersection Turn left at the intersection Turn left at the intersection

7 5. Do not use “wanna,” “gonna,” or “cuz.” Use Use Want to Want to Going to Going to because because

8 6. Do not use alternate spellings of words. Tonite = tonight Tonite = tonight Kookie = cookie Kookie = cookie Thru = through Thru = through A lot = a lot A lot = a lot Alternate spellings have crept into common usage because advertisers use them to attract attention. Alternate spellings are also trademarked (™) so that companies “own” the words. Alternate spellings have crept into common usage because advertisers use them to attract attention. Alternate spellings are also trademarked (™) so that companies “own” the words. Another mode for alternate spellings is derived from text messaging. You will be asked to write formal papers and will not be asked to text me. Another mode for alternate spellings is derived from text messaging. You will be asked to write formal papers and will not be asked to text me.

9 7. Never use “the reason is because.” This phrase is redundant (repetitive) within itself. This phrase is redundant (repetitive) within itself. “the reason is” means “because” “the reason is” means “because” Use only one or the other. Use only one or the other.

10 8. Apostrophes. Learn their proper use. Its = possessive Its = possessive The brown dog lost its collar. The brown dog lost its collar. It ’ s = it is It ’ s = it is It is the brown dog. It is the brown dog. It’s the brown dog that lost its collar

11 9. Do not start sentences with “so,” “well,” “and,” or “but.” Fix these sentences by deleting the word and capitalizing the next word. Fix these sentences by deleting the word and capitalizing the next word.

12 10. Do not use the expression, “I mean that…” To repair a previous sentence or paragraph with which you are dissatisfied, simply go back and revise your sentence. To repair a previous sentence or paragraph with which you are dissatisfied, simply go back and revise your sentence. Writing, unlike speaking, always allows time to clarify and rephrase thought; do so. Writing, unlike speaking, always allows time to clarify and rephrase thought; do so. Don’t bore the reader by confusing him/her and then trying to correctly restate yourself. Don’t bore the reader by confusing him/her and then trying to correctly restate yourself.

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