1. Sentence Boundaries & Clauses Ways to Fix Fragments, Run-ons, and Comma Splices

2. What is an independent clause? Includes a subject, verb and expresses a complete thought. (aka: A simple sentence) ◦Example: Maria went for a jog in the park. ◦Example: Maria went for a jog in the park and enjoyed the sunset.

3. What is a dependent clause? Dependent clauses have a subject and a verb, but do not express a complete thought. ◦Example: Although it was raining ◦Example: While the joggers were crossing the finish line

4. What is a run-on? A comma-splice? Too many independent clauses: ◦Maria went for a jog in the park she enjoyed the sunset and after that she went home to finish baking cookies they were for the bake sale in the morning. ◦My dog snores loudly, I only slept one hour last night.

5. Fixing Run-ons & Comma Splices Separate them with a period: ◦My dog snores loudly. I only slept one hour last night. Connect them with a semi-colon: ◦My dog snores loudly; I only slept one hour last night. Connect them with a comma & FANBOYS (coordinating conjunction: ◦My dog snores loudly, so I only slept one hour last night. Add a subordinating conjunction: ◦Since my dog snores loudly, I only slept one hour last night.

6. What is a fragment? Missing a subject, verb or complete thought (aka. An incomplete sentence) ◦Rode through the rainstorm. ◦Jamie’s cat. ◦Even though I don’t like pickles. ◦ Fixing all the grammar mistakes.

7. Fixing Fragments Add a subject and/ or verb: ◦Rode through the rainstorm. ◦We rode through the rainstorm. Take out the subordinating conjunction: ◦Even though I don’t like pickles. ◦I don’t like pickles. Combine it with an independent clause/ complete sentence: ◦Even though I don’t like pickles, I tried a pickle and peanut butter sandwich.