1. Nonfiction Terms To Know and Use There will be a quiz on these terms. They will also be included on the final exam.

2. nonfiction  Text based on events that actually occurred (in reality) Self-Help Historical Analysis and Perspective Personal Memoirs

3. Can you tell if information contains BIAS? Objective  writing that is unbiased and deals only with the facts of a situation  EX: Gina wore a red dress to Homecoming. Subjective  writing that is biased and is influenced by personal opinions and viewpoints  EX: Gina wore a beautiful red dress to Homecoming.

4. Can you tell what TYPE of writing it is? Exposition  writing primarily intended to convey information or to explain Description  writing for the purpose of recreating a person, place, event, etc. through language that appeals to the senses. The primary purpose of this book is to convey information about cells. The primary purpose of this book is to recreating the Vietnam War so that readers can know what it was like to be there.

5. Can you tell what TYPE of writing it is? Persuasion  writing that primarily attempts to convince readers that something is true Narration  writing for the purpose of story telling; something “narrated” The primary purpose of this book is for Reymundo Sanchez to tell the story of his involvement with a gang. The primary purpose of this nonfiction movie is to convince people that there are too many guns in the United States. Notice that it was described as “provocative.”

6. autobiography  the story of a writer’s own life In Quiet Strength Tony Dungy tells the story of his own life.

7. Can you tell if it is provable? Fact  Something that can be proven true  EX: 5 th period ends at 1:00pm. Opinion  Something that cannot be proven true  EX: Adele is the best singer in today’s pop music world.

8. tone  affectionate  afraid  ambitious  angry  annoyed  arrogant  bold  bossy  careless  cautious  concerned  confused  cruel  curious  dangerous  deceitful  demanding  determined  dishonest  disrespectful  doubtful  evil  fair  foolish  greedy  helpful  honest  impatient  inconsiderate  innocent  intolerant  loving  mean  rude  sarcastic  satisfied  secretive  selfish  sly  sneaky  stubborn  suspicious  thoughtless  trusting  unloving  untrustworthy the author’s attitude (or a character’s attitude) The following is a list of possible TONES: (there are many more than this…)

9. diction  the author’s word choice  Analyzing TONE involves analyzing diction: WHY did the author chose each word? Consider these statements: I’ll never get into college. It’s impossible for me to get good grades. TONE? What diction choices show us the tone? Getting into college can be tough, so I’m going to work really hard this semester in order to get straight A’s. TONE? What diction choices show us the tone?

10. connotation  Freezing  Refreshing  Inspiring  Difficult  Excited  Anxious  Curious  Confused  Confident  Arrogant  Organized  Controlling the associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression often the “feeling” associated with a word Put the following words into either the “positive” or “negative” boxes: POSITIVE:NEGATIVE:

11. Can you tell what STYLE is being used? Formal Essay  an essay written with elevated style and word choice, perhaps more academic and lofty in content and style Informal Essay  an essay written in a more conversational style, perhaps about more with “everyday” content, vocabulary, and style Example (taken from “Behavioral Treatment of Drunk-driving Recidivists: Short-term and Long- term Effects” – Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy ): In addition, subjects in the individualized behavioral groups reported that they subsequently spent more time thinking about avoiding DUI. However, the two treatment groups did not differ in their rates of DUI arrest recidivism (which averaged 11.7% per year over the three-year follow-up period). Example (taken from a personal testimony on the internet – Albert G. Pollock ) : In January 1981 while driving through the state of Delaware, I was hit head on by a drunk driver. He was killed instantly as my tractor drove across the top of his car at 50 mph. Although my tractor was completely totaled, I walked away with only a bad limp as my knees were slammed into the tractor's metal dash.