1. Statistics Finland as the national authority for Finland’s national greenhouse gas inventory – experiences and future challenges UNECE Meeting on Climate Change Statistics Geneva, 19 – 20 November 2012 Riitta Pipatti

2. Contents Greenhouse gas inventory Reguirements, methodologies and use Statistics Finland as national entity Pros and cons for developing the inventory at the statistical offiec advantages of close collaboration with the energy and others statistics QA/QC and verification issues Confidentiality issues Future challenges 29/10/20152

3. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Reporting consistent with requirements under United Nations Framework Convention (UNFCCC) (revised guidelines from 2015 submission onwards) Kyoto Protocol – supplementary reporting EU GHG monitoring mechanism decision (under revision => regulation) Methodologies from the Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Annual comprehensive UNFCCC and KP reviews, 2012 and from 2016 and 2022 also EU comprehensive reviews GHG inventory data – basis for assessing compliance with emission reductions commitments (KP, EU) and pledges (UNFCCC) 29/10/20153

4. Finland’s national GHG inventory system 29/10/20154

5. Statistics Finland – national authority GHG inventory abides to the principles, rules and modalities of UNFCCC/KP, TCCCA – transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness and accuracy) and Official statistics and Statistics Finland – UN principles, EU Code of Practice (impartiality, transparency, confidentiality, coherence, relevance, accuracy, reliability, timeliness, …) Mostly the ”main principles” the same under both regimes, exceptions Confidentiality – need agreements with companies or have to aggregate GHG reporting of specific categories at higher level than required by UNFCCC, cannot publish unit-specific informations published elsewhere Efficiency, relevance and accuracy – requirements by UNFCCC/KP require us to address also ”insignificant issues” 29/10/20155

6. The energy sector in the Finland’s GHG inventory – inventory year 2010 29/10/20156 Industrial processes 8% Solvent and other product use 0.1% Agriculture 8% Waste 3% Energy industries 50% Manufacturing industries and construction 16% Transport 22% Households, services etc. 8% Fugitive 0.3% Other 2% Energy 81%

7. Pros and cons for inventory being at the statistical office GHG inventory and energy statistics Energy sector calculations done in close collaboration with energy statistics Common database, but partly parallel processes due to differences in data sources (historical reasons, coherence in reporting emissions of different gases – only CO 2 emissions can be calculated based on basic energy data) No additional data collection for the GHG inventory – access to data collected for energy statistics and energy statistics have access to data processed by the GHG inventory - better coverage of point sources, QA and verification (mutual benefit) 29/10/20157

8. Pros and cons for inventory being at a statistical office GHG inventory and energy statistics – QA/QC Comparision of sectoral (bottom-up, SA) and reference (top-down, RA) approaches a key QA measure for GHG inventory Early access to tables on fuels use and relevant detailed background data – time to explore differences, identify errors and gaps Energy balance – timetable and contents take the needs of the GHG inventory into account Times series of the difference between the SA and RA show a declining trend (2010: 0.3%) Comparison with international energy data (IEA, Eurostat) Energy statistics timeseries not updated as frequently and for the same years as in the inventory – comparability issues 29/10/20158

9. Pros and cons for inventory being at the statistical office GHG inventory, energy statistics and EU ETS Different rules, coverage and classifications increase work but have their justifications in many cases Collaborate with Energy Market Authority (responsible for the national registry, monotoring of EU ETS data, etc.) on regular basis Sharing knowledge and expertise (”coffee break discussions”) helps to understand differences in ”numbers” and enhances coherence/consistency of the published information Helps us to reduce difference were not necessary We are able to explain the differences to policy makers, media and others 29/10/20159

10. Pros and cons for inventory being at the statistical office GHG inventory and other statistics Comparisons with waste statistics (waste amounts, composition and treatment) PRODCOM – data on industrial production, sometimes the only source, sometimes only used for verification Provide data for environmental accounts NAMEA – enables combining emissions data with economic data, and e.g. analyses on how different economic activites are affected by emission reduction measures, etc. 29/10/201510

11. Future EU Effort Sharing Decision (binding targets for the non-ETS sector from 2013 to 2020) Non-ETS emissions calculated as the difference between the national total emissions from the GHG inventory and the ETS data from the emissions trading registry Harmonisation of inventory data and EU ETS important – full harmonisation not possible due to different rules and modalities New EU regulations for reporting GHG emissions to the Commission – more comparisons with other EU reporting, including EU ETS, energy statistics, CLRTAP, … 29/10/201511

12. Future challenges 2 nd commitment period for the Kyoto Protocol – to start 2013? New comprehensive international climate agreement – to start 2020? New UNFCCC reporting guidelines for GHG inventories Energy balances to be attached to reporting Statistics Finland – aiming towards an integrated system for producing energy statistics and GHG energy inventory enhance coherence, enhance efficiency 29/10/201512

13. Thank you! 29/10/201513