1. Review

2. Electric grid Components of electric grid a) Generation b) Transmission c)Distributiond)Loads Smart grid: To control the grid automatically CURENT: An NSF funded ERC Develop resilient nation wide transmission network 2

3. Electricity Parameters of electricity a)Voltage b) Currentc) Resistance d) Energye)power Home assignment: What are we charged for on our electricity bills? Energy? Power? Voltage? Current? Hint: Look for the units Multimeter Measures voltage, current, and resistance. 3

4. Voltage in Volts(units) ValueMeasured value Battery valueV11.5 V Swapped terminal voltage-V1-1.5 v Two batteries in seriesV1+V21.5+1.5=3V Two batteries in Parallel (v1=V2)V11.5 4 Resistance in ohms(units) ValueMeasured value Resistance valueR1995 Swapped terminal resistanceR1995 Two resistance in seriesR1+R21990 Two resistance in Parallel (R1=R2)(R1/2)497.5

5. Observations For voltage, swapping the terminals gives negative value. For resistance, there is no change from original value. In series, voltage and resistance are the added. In parallel, the voltage remains the same In parallel, for same values of two resistances, it is halved. 5

6. Series and Parallel Series: One end to another. As in a human chain Parallel: Both ends connected. As in a ladder 6 Series Parallel

7. Activity Series and parallel on the board with light bulbs. 7