1. MUST HAVE SHOULD HAVE COULD HAVE Module # 030

2. Qi Parameters defined Objectives Know which two PAC databases exist within the Qi Be aware of the parameters that need to be setup Know where to find these pages

3. Ethernet TCP/IP Fieldbus 1 Batch Control Software PAM & CPM Services Measurement Devices Scales & Flowmeters FBM

4. Qi Parameters defined PAC = Predictive Adaptive Control The PAC algorithms are the heart of the Qi’s performance and accuracy The PAC has 3 Levels of control –Spill Only- Basic Control Algorithms –K1- Advanced Control Algorithms –K2- Very Advanced Control Algorithms In order for the Qi Matroller to function two databases must be configured. These two databases control the PAC functionality as well as the Material Feed management and other functions performed by the Qi Matroller. Reference Material: –PACDatabaseNotes.doc –ChannelDef.doc & MaterialDef.doc

5. PAC databases Two databases that exist within the Qi Matroller are: –Channel database –Material Path database There is a single page of parameters that must be configured for each Scale and each Flow meter (channels) The is a single page of parameters that must be configured for each Material Path to be used. Special note: Although not a separate database, a single page exists for setting up the Cluster which MUST be configured first (not applicable to a Qi Lite)

8. What is a Channel, and a Material Path? A channel –Each instrument such as a Scale or Flowmeter is a CHANNEL –If you have 2 analogue scales and 4 Flow meters in your system then you have: –6 CHANNELS in total A Material Path –Each Ingredient or Component is a Material Path. –A Material Path is a set of data describing how a particular material or ingredient behaves –If you have Sugar, and Water going into your scale, you have 2 Material Paths. –NOTE: If you are controlling the discharge of the scale then that is also another Material Path. –Generally each Control valve is a Material Path –NOTE: you can have more than one Material Path for each Control valve!!

9. Material Paths & Channels MP1MP2MP3 MP4MP5 MP6MP7 MP8 Chan 1 Chan 2 Chan 3 Each Channel and Material Path has a page of parameters in the Qi, which must be configured Hint: MP8 destination is “don’t care” and must then be set to 255 GIW LIW Chan 4 MP9

10. The Cluster A group of Qi Matrollers can be used to create a “Cluster” This Cluster shares a common PAC database One Matroller MUST be assigned to be the “Master” The IP addresses of all the Matrollers in the Cluster must first be defined in the “Master” A cluster would normally exist to control a process. Multiple Clusters can exist on the same physical Ethernet Network

11. A Qi Cluster 1 x ControlNet network 2 x Qi “Bridge” 1 x Qi “Master” 2 x Qi “Remote” 28 x Channels ( 1 to 28 ) –22 x Assembly Slots (1 to22), bridge 1 –6 x Assembly Slots (1 to 6), bridge 2 1 x Ethernet I/P network CNet 2x Scale 4x FlowM Ethernet Hub Term 1 Term 2 Term 3 2x Scale 4x FlowM Term 4

12. The Parameters in detail We will now discuss MOST (but not all) the parameters that will need to be setup in order to configure a Qi system. We will group them according to : FUNCTIONALITY as follows –General system Params –Pre Feed –Feeding –Post Feed FCE Flowrate Time  PreFeed PostFeed Feeding Flowrate

13. General System Parameters Master Qi – One Qi in the Cluster MUST be a “Master” –Any Qi can be the “Master” Bridge Qi – any Qi with a direct communications link to a PLC or Controller is a “Bridge” –A “Bridge” is not defined, a Matroller is automatically promoted to a “Bridge” whenever a comms board is installed and used. –Every Qi in the Cluster can be a “Bridge” if so desired. Short Feed enable – If any Feeds are going to be regularly less than 8 seconds +- then you may have to activate this option K1, K2 limiting – It is possible to set the max and min limits to these factors –used in circumstances where there are significant fluctuations in the process. –Also whenever “Process Upsets” are regular events

14. Pre Feed Parameters Min Feed Addition – The Qi will reject a Target of less than this amount for this Channel Zero Flow Rate threshold – there is no material movement when the Flow rate is below this value. Linked to Stable Scale bit. The Qi will not start a Feed if the Scale is considered to be in motion ie the Flow Rate is above this value. Destination channel – LIW materials and Flowmeters must have a valid destination. Either another instrument within the Cluster OR 255 which is “outside the cluster” Slow Step Timer Factor – At the start of the feed the Qi calculates how long it should take to complete the feed based on previous feeds data. It than multiplies this calculated amount by this factor and uses the new value in a timer. The timer counts down during the feed to zero. This timer value can be used to generate an Alarm due to the feed taking longer than normal. –Example: Target is 120 kg, Average Flow Rate is 5 kg/sec. Expected feed time is 120/5 = 24 seconds. 24 x 1.5 (our SST Factor) = 36. If the feed is not complete in 36 seconds the timer reaches zero which can be used as an Alarm trigger OR an Automatic ABORT of the Feed

15. Feeding parameters Minimum PAC Flow rate – during a feed, if the Flow rate drops below this level the PAC algorithms will be disabled and the Matroller will revert to “SPILL ONLY” control. Min Open Time – during this period at the start of the feed the PAC algorithms will be disabled and the Matroller will revert to “SPILL ONLY” control. Flow Rate High and Low limits – These limits must be set so that the Flow rate for this material stays within these limits – –Special Note: there is more to these parameters see PACUpdate.doc Feed Overide Time – during this time period at the end of the Feed, the Qi Matroller will NOT turn off the feed. GIW – material feeding into scale –Options – Spill, K1 or K2 LIW – material out of a scale –Options – Spill, K1, K2 or DTE (Dump To Empty) Flow meter –Options – Spill, K1 or K2 HandAdd – monitors and logs amount added by hand

16. Feeding parameters (DumpToEmpty) Flow Rate Sample Period – this determines the size of the window used to calculate the Flow Rate of the Material. A 1 second value will allow the PAC algorithm to respond fully within 1 second. Use 2 or 3 seconds if Flow Rate Filtering is required. Dump Trip Point (DTP) – Only used during a DumpToEmpty. During the empty cycle once the weight is below the DTP the Qi will then wait for the Flow rate to drop below the Zero Flow Rate threshold value. Once it has the Qi will wait for the Drain Time before closing the Discharge Valve kg t Discharge valve D.T.P. weight DrainTime Monitor flow rate ZeroFlowRate Spill Flow at CutOff Dump To Empty Examined

17. End of Feed parameters Drain Time – After the Control Valve is closed the Qi starts the Drain Timer, at the end of this period the weight is captured Unstable Scale Flow Threshold – at the end of the drain time the flow rate is checked to make sure that it is below this value. If not it will continue to wait for the Stable Measuring Device Wait Time –Note: more detail in “Stable Measuring device Wait Time.doc” High and Low Spill Limits – The final calculated Spill value should be well centralised within these limits. Refer PACUpdate.doc Algorithm Update – At the end of the feed new PAC constants are calculated. This value determines by how much the old values will be modified. –Ex 1; 0.8 = a 20% change towards the new values –Ex 2; 0.3 = a 70% change towards the new values

18. The Channel Parameters A A channel is a specific measuring device interface (for a scale or flow meter) located in one of the matrollers in the cluster. There can be up to a maximum of 200 channels in a cluster. Each channel has specific parameters that must be assigned: Assign Measuring Device To Channel - Check this box to assign a measuring device to the specified channel. Q.iMPACT Matroller with Bridge – Select the Matroller containing the ControlNet interface card associated with this channel. Q.iMPACT Matroller – Select the number of the physical matroller containing the measuring device interface. Measuring Device – Select the Measuring device for the Channel. Scale / Flow Meter Capacity – This displays the name assigned to the current measuring device capacity. It cannot be changed here. Measuring Device Name – This displays the name assigned to the measuring device via the scale or flow meter page. It is set during the scale or flow meter setup. It cannot be changed here. Current Scale Zero – This displays the weight of the current-scale-zero as compared to the calibrated-scale-zero. The Q.i process (also referred to as PAC for adaptive, predictive, control) automatically attempts to re-zero the scale after a Dump to Empty operation. You cannot manually change this value. However, in the Scale Setup menus (Zero Operation), you can set the limits for the automatic zeroing of the scale. A large value here indicates a large "heel" build- up of material in the tank or vessel. Minimum Material Addition – This sets the smallest amount of material the system will attempt to transfer with this measuring device.

19. The Channel Parameters B Dump Trip Point – This sets the level at which the Q.i process starts looking at the Zero Flow Threshold. Once the Flow Rate drops below this threshold the Drain Timer starts. After expiration of the drain timer, the Q.i process shuts off the Dump-to-Empty operation and closes the discharge valve. Flow Rate Thresholds, Zero – This sets the flow rate below which the system assumes a zero flow. In a dump-to-empty mode, the Q.i process uses this value to determine when the dump-to-empty is complete. Flow Rate Thresholds, Unstable – This sets the flow rate above which the Q.i process generates a Noisy Scale condition while waiting for a stable scale reading. Flow Rate Thresholds, Minimum PAC – This sets the flow rate above which the Q.i process begins to apply the predictive algorithms. Process Times, Feed Override Time – This is the time in seconds before the completion of a material transfer when the Q.i algorithm inhibits the external logic from removing the permissive on the enabling logic for the Final Control Element (FCE). Examples of this type of external logic are slow step timers or an operator changing operational modes. Ie During the Feed Overide time, which is normally very near the end of the Feed, you will not be able to stop the Qi from feeding by issuing an Abort Command. Only a Power Failure or external physical intervention will stop the feed.

20. The Channel Parameters C Process Times, Minimum Slow Step Time – The Q.i algorithm uses this value when it's computed slow step time value is less than this minimum value. The Slow Step Time is the timeout value for the material transfer. Process Times, Stable Measuring Device Wait Time – This is the number of seconds to wait for a stable measuring device reading before returning an unstable measuring device failure status. If the flow rate is above the Unstable Scale Threshold, the Q.i algorithm returns a failure status at the completion of this wait time. If the flow rate is between the Zero Flow and the Unstable Scale Thresholds, the Q.i algorithm returns a success status at the completion of this wait time.

21. The Channel Parameters D Process Times, Overlap Feed Alone Time – The Q.iMPACT matroller can issue commands to start concurrent overlapped feeds to a single destination vessel. There is always a one primary overlapped feed. There may be one of more secondary overlapped feeds. The scale device at the destination vessel controls the primary overlapped feed. In order for the predictive algorithm to have time to accurately predict the cutoff, you must set the time in seconds that the primary overlapped feed must feed-along before cutoff. It is typically 10 seconds. Process Times, Overlap Feed Alone Tolerance – Set the additional time tolerance in seconds allowed for a primary overlapping feed to complete. You may use it to compensate for potential time variations that may occur in completing secondary fees. Once the channel parameters have been entered, they must be saved before selecting another channel or the changes will be lost. Changes can also be saved as the default settings by checking the "Save Changes also as defaults" box before clicking on the "Save Changes" button. These defaults can be used for other channels by clicking on the "Restore Defaults" button.

22. The Material Path Parameters A A material-path is the flow path for a particular material through a Final Control Element (FCE) such as a feeder or valve. The material-path holds the flow measuring parameters that are unique for each material along each path. The action of an operator manually adding material (referred to as a hand-add) can also be considered a material-path. The cluster can support up to 1000 material-paths. Each material-path has specific parameters that must be configured: Assign Material-Path - Check this box to assign the material-path to the cluster. Material-Path Name – Enter a text description of the material-path. Channel – Select the measuring device channel that will process this material-path. This entry points to an entry in the Channel Table. Max. Flow Rate Alarm Threshold – Optionally, set the flow rate at which the Q.i process terminates the feed and sets an alarm. If you set this value to zero, the Q.i algorithm does not check the maximum flow rate. Feeder Type – This is the type of feed that controls the material flow: Select Gain in Weight when a scale channel is measuring the material automatically transferred into a holding vessel.

23. The Material Path Parameters B Select Loss in Weight when a scale channel is measuring material automatically transferred out of a vessel. Select Flow Meter when a flow meter is measuring the delivered material. Select Hand Add when an operator manually adds material to a vessel. A scale measures the resulting addition. PAC Algorithm – These are the predictive algorithms that handle the material transfer: Select Spill Only to cutoff very slow feeds or feeds with very erratic, unpredictable flow rates. Spill Only has no Predictive Control, and will be the only option available if the Channel has not been licensed. Select the K1 with horizontal feeds that do not have any initial downward velocity ie horizontal entry pipes, discharge weighing, vibratory feeders and Material with reasonably slow to medium Flow Rates. K1 should also be used with a Flow Meter based Materials. Select the K2 algorithm when the Material has a downwards facing discharge orientation AND the Flow Rate is fast. Typically the Spill value will not be proportional to the Flow Rate. Select the Dump To Empty algorithm to completely empty a tank or vessel.

24. The Material Path Parameters C Process Times, Slow Step Timer Factor - This sets the Slow Step Timer calculation factor. Slow Step Timer=Factor* (target/average flow). The Slow Step Timer measures when a material transfer is taking too long and aborts the process when the process exceeds the timer value. Typical factor values are 1.5 – 2.0. Process Times, Min. Open Time – Set the time in seconds in which the Q.i process does not apply spill compensation immediately following the start of the feed. It allows the material flow to come up to speed before beginning to apply the predictive algorithm. A feed must be active for this length of time before the Q.i algorithm considers it successful and automatically updates the Q.i parameters. Typically from 1 – 5 seconds

25. The Material Path Parameters D Process Times, Drain Time – This sets the time in seconds that the system will wait for material to drain into or from a vessel after the Q.i process has cutoff the feed and before it tests the material delivery tolerance. Sometimes referred to as the “Calming Time” Material Transfer Check Fields - The following four fields define a "box" around the key material transfer parameters, which the Q.i process captures at the instance of cutoff. The Q.i process uses these check fields in conjunction with the tolerance values sent by the Q.iMPACT matroller to determine when a feed is good. If the material transfer falls within the middle 50% range of the box values when offset from the average values, the Q.i process considers the feed good and updates the Q.i parameters based on the values of the current feed. If the values fall outside of this range, the Q.i process considers the feed as bad and does not update the Q.i process parameters. Initially, you may want to set these fields to a wide range to capture the process settings and then later set a more narrow range to more closely control the process.

26. The Material Path Parameters E Average Flow Rate Limits, Low – This sets the lower limit for the Average Flow Rate. Average Flow Rate Limits, High – This sets the upper limit for the Average Flow Rate. Average Spill Limits, Low – This sets the lower alarm limit for the Average Spill. Average Spill Limits, High – This sets the upper alarm limit for the Average Spill.

27. The Material Path Parameters F Key Process Parameters. The following two fields are the key material transfer control parameters. The Q.i algorithm constantly updates these parameters after a good feed in order to adapt the process to evolutionary changes. If you have a process that is running well, you should NOT change these parameters. You also should NOT change them if you have only minor aberrations in the process. In these cases, these fields are information only fields to display the current values. However, if you are initially setting up the material-path, making radical changes to the material transfer process, or you are consistently getting bad cutoffs, you may need to manually set new seed values here. There is a check box at the bottom of the web page that allows you to indicate you are setting new seed values. Setting these values to zero causes the Qi to Reset the Pac parameters and apply a 100% correction at the end of the next Feed. Do this when the Materials feed characteristics have changed. Ie a new delivery pipe or Control Valve has been fitted or a blockage has been detected and removed. Average Flow Rate - Typically, this displays the average flow rate at cutoff in weight per second. You may also use this field initially for setting new seed values for the process.

28. The Material Path Parameters G Average Spill - Typically, this displays the average spill in weight at cutoff. You may also use this field initially for setting new seed values for the process. Algorithm Update – The Q.i process uses this value in calculating Average Flow Rate and Average Spill to control how quickly the system responds to a change in operating conditions. The range is usually 0.7 to 0.9 in material transfer processes that change slowly and infrequently. Use values from 0.1 to 0.4 for processes that change quickly or frequently. A value of 0.3 means that there is a 70% change to the PAC algorithms ie a large change.

29. The Material Path Parameters H Flow Rate Sample Period - Set this value to specify the period of time in seconds (from 1 to 60) over which the rate is calculated. Smaller values allow the Q.i process to respond more quickly to changes in rate, while larger values permit the rate to change more smoothly. In most cases, lower values give better cutoff results. Typically 1 – 3 seconds Destination Channel - Set the channel number of the scale device for the destination vessel, where material is being fed. Enter a destination channel of 255 if the destination is outside of the cluster. Measuring Device Name – This displays the name of the scale device at the destination vessel. You can only set this name on the Scale Setup web pages. Once the material-path parameters have been entered, they must be saved before selecting another material-path or the changes will be lost. Changes can also be saved as the default settings by checking the "Save Changes also as Defaults" box before clicking on the "Save Change" button. These defaults can be used for other channels by clicking on the "Restore Defaults" button.

30. Terminology and acronyms Qi Matroller (or Matroller) –QiMPACT Material Transfer Controller “Material Transfer” or “Material Feed” or just “Feed” –Addition of a single component in a batch. Ie a Phase Add 300 kg of water A Batch –A group of Material Feeds 300 kg water + 25 kg sugar + 5 kg colorant –(according to a recipe or formula) –This Batch consists of 3 Material Transfers Channel or Instrument –Scale or Flow meter Material Path –A component or ingredient, expect to to find one Material Path per control valve Setpoint or Target –Required amount of material to be fed into tank

31. Terminology and acronyms Qi Master –One Qi is assigned the master –Responsible for distributing system edits and managing the Database –Some editing can only be done on the Master Qi Bridge –Qi with a comms interface board installed, a bridge Qi can talk directly to a Controller such as a PLC or DCS Cluster –Group of Qi’s on a network –Normally associated with a common process –Share a common database

32. Review Questions Can a Channel or Material path be added in Run mode? Can Channel and Material Path data be edited in Run mode? Can you edit the above data during a Material Feed?