3. Immune System Immune System protects organisms from disease T-Cells are a type of white blood cell that are used by the immune system to fight pathogens (viruses, bacteria, etc.) CD4 – on the surface of T-Cells

4. Is HIV and AIDS the same thing?

5. HIV “Human Immunodeficiency Virus” HIV invades the helper T cells to replicate itself. No Cure HIV virus causes AIDS

6. HIV and the Immune System HIV attacks CD 4 to make copies of HIV Immune system becomes weak When CD 4 < 200 cells per microliter, person is diagnosed with AIDS Immune system no longer can fight infection

7. AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV is the virus that causes AIDS Disease limits the body’s ability to fight infection A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system No Cure

8. New HIV Infections in 2002 by Age Group

9. Four Stages of HIV

10. Stage 1 - Primary Short, flu-like illness - occurs one to six weeks after infection no symptoms at all Infected person can infect other people

11. Stage 2 - Asymptomatic Lasts for an average of ten years This stage is free from symptoms There may be swollen glands The level of HIV in the blood drops to very low levels HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood Infected person can infect other people

12. Stage 3 - Symptomatic The symptoms are mild The immune system deteriorates emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers

13. Stage 4 - HIV  AIDS The immune system weakens The illnesses become more severe leading to an AIDS diagnosis

14. Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS Bacterial Tuberculosis (TB) Strep pneumonia Viral Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes Influenza (flu)

15. Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS Parasitic Pneumocystis carinii Fungal Candida Cryptococcus

16. Modes of HIV/AIDS Transmission

17. Through Bodily Fluids Blood products Semen Vaginal fluids Breast Milk

18. Through IV Drug Use Sharing Needles Without sterilization Increases the chances of contracting HIV

19. Through Sex Intercourse (penile penetration into the vagina) Oral Anal Digital Sex

20. Mother-to-Baby Before Birth During Birth Postpartum After the birth

21. Testing Options for HIV

22. Testing Blood Urine Oral Can be anonymous

23. Treatment Options

24. Antiretroviral Drugs Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors AZT (Zidovudine) Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors Viramune (Nevirapine) Protease inhibitors Norvir (Ritonavir) Multiple drugs are used in combination

25. Opportunistic Infection Treatment Issued in an event where antiretroviral drugs are not available

26. Four ways to protect yourself? Abstinence Monogamous Relationship Protected Sex Sterile needles

27. Abstinence It is the only 100 % effective method of not acquiring HIV/AIDS. Refraining from sexual contact: oral, anal, or vaginal. Refraining from intravenous drug use

28. Monogamous relationship A mutually monogamous (only one sex partner) relationship with a person who is not infected with HIV HIV testing before intercourse is necessary to prove your partner is not infected

29. Protected Sex Use condoms (female or male) every time you have sex (vaginal or anal) Always use latex or polyurethane condom (not a natural skin condom) Always use a latex barrier during oral sex

30. When Using A Condom Remember To: Make sure the package is not expired Make sure to check the package for damages Do not open the package with your teeth for risk of tearing Never use the condom more than once

32. Thank You!