1. One-model CHIPS Physics List Mikhail Kosov, Geant4 tutorial 2010 ITEP

2. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 2 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Introduction to CHIPS physics in G4 A goal of implementation of CHIPS to G4 is to create a physics list, which do not use any other hadronic models than CHIPS.  The CHIPS physics package is already unique or the best in Geant4 for: All at rest nuclear capture processes for negative (and neutral) hadrons Neutrino-nuclear, electron-, muon-, tau-nuclear and photo-nuclear reactions Elastic scattering of hardrons (NEW! G4QElastic: now for all hadrons) Quasi-elastic scattering for the Geant4 QGS model (G4QuasiFreeRatio) Recent 2009 developments:  On flight hadron-nuclear interactions Low energy 3-D hadronic CHIPS model (excitation and decay of Quasmons) High energy CHIPS-string interaction interface extended to low energies  Nuclear-nuclear interactions Fast (G4QLowEnergy) simulation is reasonable only for low energies All-energies CHIPS ion-ion process (G4QIonIonCollision, under development)  CHIPS interaction cross-sections for hadron-nuclear and ion-ion interactions New hadron-nuclear  el and  in for al categories of projectile hadrons

3. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 3 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Quark exchange (E:) k+M=E +q (p:) k =p – q 2k = p+E-M M E,p q k Quark fusion (E:) k+q=E (p:) k- q=p 2k=E+p k q E,p (fragments) (mesons) (CHIPS) (Termolization) (E,p) q kk q Quark exchange Quark fusion M 2 =4n(n-1)T 2 !

4. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 4 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Pon spectra and multiplicity distribution for pp at rest _ n= ½ (  s/T 2 +1 + 1)  n (s)  s n-2, s n-1 = s - 2k  s dW/kdkdcos(  )  (1-2k/  s) n-3 Only Quark Fusion

5. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 5 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 E-dependence of pion multiplicity:“thermometer”(pp/e + e - ) ½ (m i 2 +m i+1 2 ) s _ W Blum-Gilman solution for resonance production:

6. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 6 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Quark exchange between nuclear nucleons shifts them from the mass shell and prevents separation Clusterization probability is defined by the exchange radius (the clusterization volume). On nuclear surface only additional quasi-free baryons and quasi-free di-baryons can exist Quasi-free additional part is A-dependent For heavy nuclei the intermediate di-baryon phase disappears & gas-liquid is separated Nuclear clusterization

7. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 7 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Q=9 Quark exchange only (points are data)

8. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 8 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Non-relativistic nuclear phase space (evaporation) dN/dE~E 1/2 ∙(1.-E/E tot ) 3n/2-4 (3/2-4/n)∙T=E tot /n

9. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 9 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Nuclear clusterization parameters 9 Be 12 C 28 Si 59 Co 181 Ta 11 0.450.400.350.33 22 0.15 0.050.030.02  5.00 1. Peripheral gas phase (  1 ) drops with A increasing 2. Intermediate dibaryon phase (  2 ) disappears for big A 3. Nuclear clusterization  inside nuclei is A-independent 4. Clusterization helps to produce high energy nuclear fragments (quasmon-cluster quark exchange) 123456 lnW B 11    =    

10. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 10 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Annihilation at rest of anti-protons on Uranium nuclei pions: TOF method Charged kaons n>p evaporation deuterons Tritons & 3 He  Charged pions  00 ++

11. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 11 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Algorithm of the low energy CHIPS Low energy inelastic is identical to the stopping algorithm  Nuclei are clusterized (Pion capture: Eur. Phys. J. A8 (2000) 217)  The projectile hadron joins with one of the clusters and creates a Quasmon  By quark-fusion or quark-exchange with other clusters energy is dissipated  When the quark level algorithm is exhausted, nuclear evaporation is started A few decoupled processes are added  Quasi-elastic scattering of the projectile on nucleons and nuclear clusters G4QElastic class is used for this scattering on nucleons or on clusters G4QuasiElasticRatios includes the best energy dependent fit of  el (hN),  tot (hN)  Pick up process, which provides high energy forward nuclear fragments Final State Interaction of produced secondaries  A kind of nuclear fusion FSI of produced hadrons  Energy and momentum correction in case of problems ! !

12. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 12 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 d t p  NO RESCATTERING ! the projectile hadron CHIPS algorithm of the deep inelastic hadron-nuclear interaction the created Quasmon NO CASCADE, JUST a Quasmon DECAY !

13. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 13 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Unique CHIPS approximation of  A cross-sections for 87 nuclei ( EPJA14,377 ) Deuterons dissociation Clusters dissociation

14. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 14 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 CHIPS Nucleon spectra in photo- and electro-nuclear reactions ! Even at low energy proton spectra are anisotropic

15. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 15 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Non-perturbative approximation of neutrino-nuclear interaction cross-sections Total cross-sections Quasi-elastic cross-sections

16. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 16 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Ag H-As Ta-Cm 105 nuclides are covered by the present LE nA CHIPS inelastic

17. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 17 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010

18. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 18 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 New CHIPS approximation for hadron-nuclear inelastic cross-sections (  A example)

19. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 19 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010

20. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 20 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010

21. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 21 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010

22. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 22 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010

23. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 23 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010

24. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 24 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010

25. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 25 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 CHIPS quasi-elastic scattering part: G4QuasiFreeRatios (for all hadrons)

26. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 26 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 New CHIPS string algorithm The 1-D CHIPS String is similar to the Quark-Gluon String, but…  All partons are massless (current) instead of heavy (constituent, QGS) ones  Thus the CHIPS string algorithm can work from E=0 (formally E>>m q )  The hadron splitting in partons is made by the CHIPS algorithm: (1-x) N-2  If energy is restricted, the strings are fused or converted to hadrons Connection to the 3D CHIPS algorithm  In nuclear matter string looses (  E i ) about k≈1 GeV/fm (  E=k*T(b)/r(0) ) This energy is converted to the Quasmon excitation The rest (high rapidity part of the string) is hadronized outside of the nucleus  If at low energies the projectile energy is smaller than  E, string is skipped and the 3D algorithm (Quasmon = projectile+cluster compound) is used Special cases  At low energies the transition to 3D CHIPS can be used as an emergency  Quasi-elastic on nucleons happens at all energies without the string excitation N-1 random numbers 01 !

27. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 27 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 d t p  projectile hadron EiEi EE h p p p p p p p p h h h h h h String algorithm 1-D (light cone) 3-D (Quasmon) y (rapidity) !

28. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 28 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 String fusion algorithm to avoid too low or imaginary string mass N A N1N1 N2N2 dq q aq dq qq q q aq There are 6 strings (3 cut cylinders): 3 x q-dq, 3 x aq-q String fusion examples aq-q | aq-q | aq-q | q-dq | q-dq | aq-adq | aq-q | dq-adq | q-aq | adq-aq | adq-aq | adq-dq | q-aq | dq-q | aq-q | Emergency flavor reduction: (s – anti-s)  (u/d – anti-u/d) (  0 ) Emergency diquark reduction: (us – anti-d anti-s)  (u – anti-d) Emergency jump to 3-D CHIPS: (u – anti-d) + N  Quasmon

29. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 29 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Comparison of QGSP (QGS+Precompound, dotted line) with QGSC (QGS+CHIPS) P-Diffraction T-Diffraction N.M.Agababyan et al, Z. Phys. C 50 (1991) 361

30. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 30 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 CHIPS simulation of the diffraction excitation in pW interactions (HELIOS data) Diffractionsl cone (B) d  /dt  e Bt is similar to elastic scattering  y=ln(M 2 /s)=ln(1-x F ) d  /d(1-x F )  1/(1-x F )

31. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 31 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 EM Multiple & hadronic coherent elastic scattering In CHIPS physics package the processes are not subdivided in “electromagnetic” and “hadronic”, because in general this is impossible  Photo-, lepto-nuclear reactions including quasi-elastic  e + e - pair production on atonic electrons and on nuclei  Multiple scattering is an example of the similar problem Mythology and reality of Multiple scattering  Coulomb scattering cross-section is infinite?  One can simulate multiple for small angles and single for large?  df(q)/dx= ∫f(q-y)g(y)dy=f×g  dF(r)/dx=F(r)G(r),Fourier image  Is the old assumption of the constant term (ds/dt~1/(t+A)) right?  Fortunately now we have measurements and can fit them r Z Low q e-e- nucleus + 0 Atomic charge !

32. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 32 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 New CHIPS approximation for hadron-nuclear elastic cross-sections (pA example)

33. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 33 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010

34. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 34 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 E.V.Hungerford e.a.,Nucl.Phys. A197(1972)515 In present Physics Lists CHIPS

35. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 35 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 CHIPS Synchrotron Radiation Historically the Synchrotron Radiation process is included in the photo-nuclear physics builder  In the builder the original CHIPS  - and e-A processes are used  In addition the original CHIPS  - and  -A processes are used  G4QSynchRad is very important for  -A reactions Simple formulas of Synchrotron Radiation  Mean free path = 0.4∙√3∙R/(  ) ≈ (for e) 16 cm/tesla  Critical photon energy: E c =1.5  3 (hc)/R, y=E/E c (E=E  )  E∙dN/dE=dI/dE=(8  /9)  F(y), dN  /dx=2.5  /(√3∙R)  F(y)=(9/8  )∙√3∙y∙∫ y K 5/3 (x) dx  Mean Energy =0.8  3 (hc) /(√3∙R)  All calculations are in the limit  >> 1. e g n JLab D ∞

36. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 36 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 E , MeV G4QSynchRad G4SynchrotronRadiation G4SynchrotronRadiationInMat200 lines table many tables Analytic formula (for all charged particles) (only for e) (e) CHIPS G4QSynchRad process is twice faster than G4Synch’s

37. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 37 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Conclusion: CHIPS Physics List Standard EM Physics (Used As Is):  Gamma: Photo-effect, Compton, e + e - -conversion  All charged: Multiple Scattering (as possible CHIPS improvement), Ionization  + for e +, e - : Bremsstrahlung, + for e + : Annihilation   for , , K, p: Bremsstrahlung, e + e - -production CHIPS processes recommended for all Physics Lists.  Photo- and electro-nuclear Physic + CHIPS Synchrotron Radiation (New)  Nuclear capture at rest for negative particles (not e -, which is K-capture of electrons)  New:  -,  -, and neutrino-nuclear Physics (NC and CC) – original CHIPS Hadronic Physics (one inelastic model for all hadrons, all energies)  Elastic Scattering (simulated by the universal CHIPS G4QElastic process)  Inelastic reactions (simulated by the universal CHIPS G4QInelastic process) Ion Physics (As Is) G4QIonIonCollision as possible improvement Decay Physics (As Is) Isotope Decay DB as possible improvement

38. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 38 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Backup slides following

39. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 39 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 CHIPS (CHiral Invariant Phase Space) publications 0. Thermodinamic quark-parton model: Preprint ITEP-165-84 1. Light SU(3) hadron masses: Eur.Phys.J. A14 (2002) 265 2. Proton-antiproton annihilation at rest: Eeur.Phys.J.A8(2000)217 3. Nuclear p - capture at rest: Eur.Phys.J. A9 (2000) 414 4. Nuclear m - capture at rest: Eur.Phys.J. A33 (2007) 7 5. Anti-proton capture at rest: IEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci. 52 (2005)2832 6. Low energy  A reactions: Eur.Phys.J. A9 (2000) 421 7. Cross-sections of  A/eA reactions: Eur.Phys.J. A14 (2002) 377 8. Nucleon structure functions: Eur.Phys.J A34 (2007) 283 9. Drell-Yan  +  - pair production: Eur.Phys.J A36 (2008) 289 Official Page with more information about CHIPS: http://mkossov.home.cern.ch/mkossov/Welcome.html

40. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 40 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Data of the FAS detector (ITEP), 97 0 (10 GeV projectile protons) S.Boyarinov et al, Yad.Phys, 57(1994)1452 k p =(T+p)/2 k anti-p =(2M N +T+p)/2 k ,K =(E+p)/2

41. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 41 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 00 14028014015212 00 119311444911858  783 07852 -- 1197114453118710 p 938 09391 *+*+ 138313821 1 n 93993819412 *0*0 13841382213840  12321233112311 *-*- 13871382513852 K+K+ 49449734859  101910684910181 K0K0 49849714899 00 131512892613205 K* + 892928368986 -- 132112893213232 K* 0 896928328993 *0*0 15321529315311  111611051111237 *-*- 15351529615332 ++ 118911444511827 -- 16731672116741 Exp.M bag  M bag M(T c )  M(T c ) Exp.M bag  M bag M(T c )  M(T c ) 12 44 11 4 3 42 63 32 733969 CHIPS (T c ≈ 200 MeV) and Bag model calculation oh hadronic masses

42. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 42 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 Proton and neutron spectra in  - capture by Ca nuclei Pre-equilibrium model CHIPS Fit (n) (p bound →n free )  - +u→d+  - →d +u + _  - (p,n)  : T n =m 2  /2(m N +m  )=5.3 МэВ !

43. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 43 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 It means that the elastic nPb CHIPS cross-sections must be improved

44. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 44 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 New CHIPS approximation for hadron-nuclear inelastic cross-sections (  A example)

45. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 45 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010

46. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 46 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010

47. M. Kosov, Experimental one-model CHIPS physics list in Geant4 47 Gean4 Tutorial at CERN, 18 th February 2010 CHIPS differential proton elastic on 4 Не u-channel exchange by a t-cluster Nuclear gloria is backward diffraction