1. Rise of Realism and Naturalism 1865-1910

2. What’s Happening? 1869—First Railroad lines connecting Atlantic and Pacific Ocean finished 1869—First Railroad lines connecting Atlantic and Pacific Ocean finished Between 1870-1910—New York City tripled in size Between 1870-1910—New York City tripled in size People moved from rural to urban areas People moved from rural to urban areas Increase in industry made rich men Increase in industry made rich men 1. Steel--Carnegie 1. Steel--Carnegie 2. Oil—Rockefeller 2. Oil—Rockefeller 3. Finance–J.P. Morgan 3. Finance–J.P. Morgan 4. Railroads–Vanderbilt 4. Railroads–Vanderbilt

3. Reconstruction in the South 1865-1877 1865-1877 New state governments led by Northern supporters New state governments led by Northern supporters By 1877—Democrats (conservative) back in control By 1877—Democrats (conservative) back in control

4. Miscellaneous 15 million immigrants from 1885-1910 15 million immigrants from 1885-1910 Bad working conditions—child labor, union, strikes Bad working conditions—child labor, union, strikes Lots of inventions—cameras, light bulbs, telephones, cars, bicycles, moving pictures, skyscrapers, airplanes, etc. Lots of inventions—cameras, light bulbs, telephones, cars, bicycles, moving pictures, skyscrapers, airplanes, etc. 1886-Statue of Liberty 1886-Statue of Liberty Lots of Children’s Books Lots of Children’s Books

5. Naturalism Literature portrays nature and human lives realistically Literature portrays nature and human lives realistically Life is determined by heredity and environment Life is determined by heredity and environment Individuals are trapped in predestined lives that they cannot change Individuals are trapped in predestined lives that they cannot change Focus on the powerful economic, social, and environmental forces that shape the lives of individuals Focus on the powerful economic, social, and environmental forces that shape the lives of individuals

6. Realism Also portrays nature and human lives realistically Also portrays nature and human lives realistically Realists believe people can choose their own direction in life and make their own moral choice. Realists believe people can choose their own direction in life and make their own moral choice.

7. Regionalism Local color Local color Literature focusing on a particular region Literature focusing on a particular region People People Dialect Dialect Traditions/customs Traditions/customs

8. Authors for this Period Mark Twain Mark Twain Jack London Jack London Bret Harte Bret Harte Kate Chopin Kate Chopin Paul Laurence Dunbar Paul Laurence Dunbar Edgar Lee Masters Edgar Lee Masters Edwin Arlington Robinson Edwin Arlington Robinson Stephen Crane Stephen Crane