1. 3.052 Nanomechanics of Materials and Biomaterials Prof. Christine Ortiz DMSE, RM 13-4022 Phone : (617) 452-3084 Email : cortiz@mit.edu WWW : http://web.mit.edu/cortiz/www LECTURE # 1 : INTRODUCTION TO NANOMECHANICS

2. Basics of Nanotechnology Readings : 1. "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," Richard P. Feynman's Classic Nanotechnology Talk (1959, APS-Caltech); 2. “Engines of Creation : The Coming Era of Nanotechnology,” K. Eric. Drexler, Anchor Books, Doubleday, 1986 (Chapter 1) Specific Definition : “Molecular Manufacturing” Broad Definition : Electron-microscope image of the world's smallest guitar, based roughly on the design for the Fender Stratocaster, a popular electric guitar. Its length is 10 millionths of a meter-- approximately the size of a red blood cell and about 1/20th the width of a single human hair. Its strings have a width of about 50 billionths of a meter (the size of approximately 100 atoms). Plucking the tiny strings would produce a high-pitched sound at the inaudible frequency of approximately 10 megahertz. Made by Cornell researchers with a single silicon crystal, this tiny guitar is a playful example of nanotechnology, in which scientists are building machines and structures on the scale of billionths of a meter to perform useful technological functions and study processes at the submicroscopic level. (http://www.news.cornell.edu/science/July97/guitar.ltb.html, Dustin W. Carr and Harold G. Craighead, Cornell.) “Nanostructure”

3. Nanostructured Materials (*http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/crawford/index.html) Bone Self-Assembling Monolayer Nanoporous Alumina Membrane

4. Nanostructured Materials “Bottom-Up Manufacturing”“Top-Down Manufacturing”

5. What is Nanomechanics ?

6. Summary of Length Scales (m) Biological Sciences Materials Sciences 10 -16 10 -14 10 -12 10 -10 10 -8 10 -6 10 -4 10 -2 10 0 10 2 10 4 10 6 10 25 atomic radii covalent bond  0.1 nm width of DNA, small globular proteins  2 nm hemoglobin  6.6 nm bacteria, internal organelles  1  m cell  50  m height of a human being  1m length of a blue whale height of Mt. Everest  8848 m diameter of the earth size of of a bee atomic nucleus proton, neutron virus radius of AFM probe tip size of C 60 molecule, diameter of carbon nanotube, suprmolecular chemistry, colloidal particles, nanolithography microelectro mechanical systems (MEMS), micro-contact printing, integrated circuit transistor length of a Boeing 767 airplane height of NYC World Trade Center quark traditional man-made materials and structures length of the Great Wall of China size of the universe   10 -18 electron crystal grains smallest observable feature of human eye, thickness of human hair integrated circuit chip grain of sand

7. WHY STUDY NANOMECHANICS ? THREE EXAMPLES FROM BIOLOGY

8. Inflammatory Response : Cell Rolling and Adhesion

9. Muscle Elasticity (*MARSZALEK, et. al Nature 402, 100 - 103 (1999)) (*Cell and Molecular Biology, G. Karp) SARCOMERE TITIN Actin TITIN Myosin Nebulin

10. Packing the Genome DNA simulation (*FEBS Lett. 371:279-282)

11. Packing the Genome http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/Bio/BIO181/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html

12. WHY STUDY NANOMECHANICS ? THREE EXAMPLES FROM MATERIALS SCIENCE

13. Performance of Computer Hard Disks http://talke08.ucsd.edu/index/disk.html

14. Computer Head-Disk Interface 2 mm slider head flexure suspension arm flying height  30-60 nm read / write element hard disk recording head surface roughness  30-60 nm http://talke08.ucsd.edu/index/disk.html

15. Properties of Colloids Silica sphere glued to an AFM-probe tip (*http://wintermute.chemie.uni-mainz.de/coll.html)

16. Macroscopic Mechanical Properties of Materials Non-Linear, Entropic Elasticity of Polymer Networks  Rubber Elasticity F r F chain F   F F More Disorder Less Disorder Entropy - a natural law that expresses the driving force towards disorder random coil

17. A Typical High-Resolution Force Spectroscopy Technique : General Components sensor output  sample high-resolution force transducer displacement detection system high-resolution displacement control computer controls system performs data acquisition, display, and analysis z prob e