1. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE I Chapter 6 1 LAN Switching and Wireless VLANs Chapter 3 Modified by Pete Brierley

2. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 2 Objectives  Explain the role of VLANs in a converged network.  Explain the role of trunking VLANs in a converged network.  Configure VLANs on switches in a converged network topology.  Troubleshoot common software or hardware misconfigurations associated with VLANs on switches in a converged network topology.

3. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 3 Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network

4. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 4 Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network

5. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 5 Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network

6. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 6 Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network How to manage broadcast domains with VLANs

7. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 7 Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network  A switch virtual interface (SVI) is a VLAN of switch ports represented by one interface to a routing or bridging system.VLAN  There is one-to-one mapping between a VLAN and SVI, thus only a single SVI can be mapped to a VLAN.  In default setting, an SVI is created for the default VLAN (VLAN1) to permit remote switch administration. VLAN  An SVI cannot be activated unless associated with a physical port.

8. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 8 Explain the Role of VLANs in a Converged Network SVIs are generally configured for a VLAN for the following reasons: Allow traffic to be routed between VLANs by providing a default gateway for the VLAN. Provide fallback bridging (if required for non-routable protocols). Provide Layer 3 IP connectivity to the switch. Support bridging configurations and routing protocol.

9. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 9 The Role of Trunking VLANs in a Converged Network

10. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 10 Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a Converged Network  How a trunk works

11. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 11 Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a Converged Network

12. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 12 Switchport mode dynamic auto  This command makes the interface willing to convert the link to a trunk link if the neighboring interface is set to trunk or desirable mode. Otherwise, the link will become a non-trunking link.

13. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 13 Configure VLANs on the Switches in a Converged Network Topology

14. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 14 Configure VLANs on the Switches in a Converged Network Topology

15. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 15 Configure VLANs on the Switches in a Converged Network Topology

16. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 16 Configure VLANs on the Switches in a Converged Network Topology

17. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 17 Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs

18. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 18 Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs

19. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 19 Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs

20. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 20 The VLAN

21. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 21 VLAN VLAN: is a logical grouping grouped by: function department application VLAN configuration is done by software.

22. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 22 Typically in LAN configuration, users are grouped based on their location in relation to the HUB they are connected to. Sales Design HUB

23. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 23 VLAN implementations offered a port-mapping that establishes a broadcast domain between default group of devices. Switch Admin Students Instructors 2 nd floor 1 st floor

24. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 24 Traditionally, the role of a router is to provide firewall broadcast management route processing & distribution Routers are used to properly communicate between different VLANs. Use the routers as your backbone to transmit information at high bandwidth among your VLAN switches. Routers in VLAN topologies provide broadcast filtering security traffic flow management

25. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 25 Properties of VLANs: VLANs work at layer 2 & 3 of OSI model Communications between VLANs is by layer 3 routing VLANs provide a method of controlling network broadcast Network administrator assigns users to VLAN VLANs can increase network security by defining which network nodes can communicate with each other A VLAN is a broadcast domain that one or more switches create

26. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 26 VLAN implementations offered a port-mapping that establishes a broadcast domain between default group of devices. Switch Admin Students Instructors 2 nd floor 1 st floor Broadcast domain Broadcast domain Broadcast domain

27. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 27 VLAN Operation Ports that are assigned to the same VLAN share broadcasts. Ports that do not belong to that VLAN do not share these broadcast. There are two (2) methods in which to create VLANs: 1.Static VLANs – This method is also referred to a port-based membership. As a device is connected to the network, it automatically assumes the VLAN of that port 2.Dynamic VLANs – Dynamic VLANs are created through the use of software packages such as CiscoWorks 2000. With a VLAN Management Policy Server (VMPS), you can assign switch ports to VLANs dynamically based on the source MAC address of the device that is connected to the port.

28. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 28 Static VLAN The default VLAN for every port in the switch is VLAN1, or the management VLAN. The management VLAN cannot be deleted; however, additional VLANs can be created and ports can be reassigned to these alternate VLANs. A router is used to switch between different VLANs. Hence, each VLAN should have a unique Layer 3 network or subnet address assigned.

29. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 29 Advantages of VLANs: reduce administration costs related to solving problems associated with moves, additions & changes 20%-40% of the workforce physically moves each year one can move the node to a new location without changing its’ IP / subnet address by plugging the node into port for that VLAN controls broadcast activity provide workgroup & network security save money by keeping their HUBs and connecting them to switches i.e. don’t’ have to ‘throw away’ the HUBs. The goal of the end-to-end VLANs, is to maintain the 80/20 traffic flow rule – 80% of the traffic on the local VLAN, and 20% on a remote VLAN.

30. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 30 Broadcast: Switches (not talking about VLANs here) create ‘smaller collision’ domains, but they do not create smaller broadcast domains. Hence use routers which don’t propagate broadcasts. Though by setting up the different VLANs on a switch, one can control the broadcast messaging from one VLAN to another. Security: restrict the number of users in a VLAN group prevent another user from joining without first receiving approval from the VLAN network administrator configure all unused ports to a default low-service VLAN adding access list in the router

31. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 31 Using Hubs with VLANs Each hub segment that is connected to a switch port can be assigned to only one VLAN. All stations that share a hub segment become members of the same VLAN group.

32. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 32 Port-based VLANs (static): nodes connected to ports in the same VLAN have same VLAN ID. users are assigned by port MAC address-based VLANs (dynamic): VLAN Management Policy Server (VMPS) are ports on a switch that can automatically determine their VLAN assignments Protocol-based VLANs (dynamic): are ports on a switch that can automatically determine their VLAN assignments functions are based on: logical addressing protocol type VLAN Types

33. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 33 VLAN Frame Identification With multiswitch VLANs, the frame headers are encapsulated or modified to reflect a VLAN ID before the frame is sent onto the link between the switches. Multiple trunking methodologies include: IEEE 802.1q ISL (Inter-Switch Link Protocol) 802.10 LANE (LAN Emulation)

34. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 34 The most common approach for logically grouping users into distinct VLAN: Frame Filtering filtering table is developed. Can be based on MAC protocol each frame is examined depending on the ‘filter table’ sends the frame out the designated port

35. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 35 Frame Identification A unique VLAN ID is assigned to each VLAN in the switch the tagged frame travels the backbone among switches When the frame exits the switch on non- backbone, the identifier is removed This technique is chosen by IEEE (IEEE 802.1q)gaining as the standard trunking mechanism function at layer 2

36. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 36 Switch VLAN1 VLAN2 VLAN3 2 nd floor 1 st floor Backbone VLAN2 Packet with VLANID, added by the switch VLAN2 VLANID is removed by the switch before sending to the target host.

37. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 37 Inter-Switch Link Protocol ISL is a Cisco proprietary encapsulation protocol that interconnects multiple switches. FDDI 802.10 Is a Cisco proprietary method of transporting VLAN information inside the standard IEEE 802.10 frame for Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI).

38. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 38 LAN Emulation (LANE) LANE is a standard defined by the ATM Forum that gives two stations attached via ATM the same capabilities they normally have if they are LANs such as Ethernet or Token Ring. The function of the LANE protocol is to emulate a LAN on top of ATM network. That is, the LANE protocols make an ATM network look and behave like an Ethernet or Token Ring LAN.

39. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 39 FACTS VLAN makes up a switched network that is logically segmented by functions, project teams or applications, without regard to the physical location of users. Each switch port can be assigned to a VLAN. Ports assigned to the same VLAN share broadcasts. So VLANs are used to create broadcast domains. VLAN implementation methods used to assign a switch port to a VLAN: port-centric static dynamic

40. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 40 Only the devices on the same VLAN contend with collisions. Hence broadcast traffic within one VLAN is not transmitted outside the VLAN. Switch Admin Students Instructors 2 nd floor 1 st floor

41. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 41 NOTE: For configuring static VLANs on Cisco 29xx switches: max number of VLANs is switch dependent & is limited by the number of ports on the switch. VLAN1 is one of the factory-default VLANs VLAN1 is the default Ethernet VLAN Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) & VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) advertisements are sent on VLAN1.

42. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 42 NOTEs: Some encapsulation protocol, such as 802.1q or ISL, must be configured on all switch trunks that participate in the VLAN. commands for configuring VLANs vary by model number. the catalyst 29xx IP address is in the VLAN1 broadcast domain. switch must be in VTP server mode to create, add, or delete VLANs.

43. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 43 For non-VLAN configuration, switches makes ‘smaller collision’ domain. However, they do not make ‘smaller broadcast’ domains. A broadcast messages is sent to all the devices connected to the switch.

44. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 44 Use routers to reduce the broadcast of messages. A broadcast on Switch A is broadcast to all of its users, but is not broadcasted to Switch B (because the router won’t send it onto Switch B!) Switch B Switch A Non- VLAN Router

45. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 45 Local Loop Demarc PSTN PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)

46. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 46 Troubleshooting PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) Switch#show vlan Switch#show vlan brief Switch#show spanning-tree Switch#Show interface

47. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 47 Summary  VLANS Allows an administrator to logically group devices that act as their own network Are used to segment broadcast domains Some benefits of VLANs include Cost reduction, security, higher performance, better management

48. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 48 Summary  Types of Traffic on a VLAN include Data Voice Network protocol Network management  Communication between different VLANs requires the use of Routers

49. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 49 Summary  Trunks A common conduit used by multiple VLANS for intra-VLAN communication  EEE 802.1Q The standard trunking protocol Uses frame tagging to identify the VLAN to which a frame belongs Does not tag native VLAN traffic

50. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 50 VLAN Questions

51. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 51 What happens to the member ports of a VLAN when the VLAN is deleted? 1.They become inactive. 2.They default back to the management VLAN. 3.They automatically become a part of VLAN1. 4.They must be assigned to another VLAN before the original VLAN can be deleted. 5.They remain a part of that VLAN until the switch is rebooted. They then become members of the management VLAN.

52. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 52 What happens to the member ports of a VLAN when the VLAN is deleted? 1.They become inactive. 2.They default back to the management VLAN. 3.They automatically become a part of VLAN1. 4.They must be assigned to another VLAN before the original VLAN can be deleted. 5.They remain a part of that VLAN until the switch is rebooted. They then become members of the management VLAN.

53. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 53 Which of the following devices is needed for a packet to be passed from one VLAN to another? 1.Bridge 2.Router 3.Switch 4.Hub

54. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 54 Which of the following devices is needed for a packet to be passed from one VLAN to another? 1.Bridge 2.Router 3.Switch 4.Hub

55. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 55 Which of the following describe networks in which the use of static VLANs is appropriate? (Choose three.) 1.Workstations, departments, and network resources are seldom moved. 2.VLAN port membership frequently changes. 3.Robust VLAN management software is available to the network administrator. 4.The overhead required to manage VLAN MAC address and custom filtering tables is not desirable. 5.VLANs are often added, deleted, and modified.

56. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 56 Which of the following describe networks in which the use of static VLANs is appropriate? (Choose three.) 1.Workstations, departments, and network resources are seldom moved. 2.VLAN port membership frequently changes. 3.Robust VLAN management software is available to the network administrator. 4.The overhead required to manage VLAN MAC address and custom filtering tables is not desirable. 5.VLANs are often added, deleted, and modified.

57. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 57 A network administrator has configured a switch with three VLANs: VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3. Port 10 is to be assigned to VLAN3. Which of the following commands are needed to assign port 10 to VLAN3? (Choose three.) 1.Switch_1(config)# switchport interface fastethernet 0/10 2.Switch_1(config-if)# switchport mode access 3.Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access 4.Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 3 5.Switch_1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/10 6.Switch_1# vlan database

58. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 58 A network administrator has configured a switch with three VLANs: VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3. Port 10 is to be assigned to VLAN3. Which of the following commands are needed to assign port 10 to VLAN3? (Choose three.) 1.Switch_1(config)# switchport interface fastethernet 0/10 2.Switch_1(config-if)# switchport mode access 3.Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access 4.Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 3 5.Switch_1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/10 6.Switch_1# vlan database

59. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 59 What does the phrase microsegmentation with scalability mean? 1.The ability to increase network size without creating collisions domains 2.The ability to put a huge number of hosts on one switch 3.The ability to broadcast to more nodes at once 4.All of the above

60. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 60 What does the phrase microsegmentation with scalability mean? 1.The ability to increase network size without creating collisions domains 2.The ability to put a huge number of hosts on one switch 3.The ability to broadcast to more nodes at once 4.All of the above

61. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 61 What happens to the member ports of a VLAN when the VLAN is deleted? 1.They become inactive. 2.They default back to the management VLAN. 3.They automatically become a part of VLAN1. 4.They must be assigned to another VLAN before the original VLAN can be deleted. 5.They remain a part of that VLAN until the switch is rebooted. They then become members of the management VLAN.

62. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 62 What happens to the member ports of a VLAN when the VLAN is deleted? 1.They become inactive. 2.They default back to the management VLAN. 3.They automatically become a part of VLAN1. 4.They must be assigned to another VLAN before the original VLAN can be deleted. 5.They remain a part of that VLAN until the switch is rebooted. They then become members of the management VLAN.

63. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 63 Which of the following devices is needed for a packet to be passed from one VLAN to another? 1.Bridge 2.Router 3.Switch 4.Hub

64. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 64 Which of the following devices is needed for a packet to be passed from one VLAN to another? 1.Bridge 2.Router 3.Switch 4.Hub

65. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 65 Which of the following describe networks in which the use of static VLANs is appropriate? (Choose three.) 1.Workstations, departments, and network resources are seldom moved. 2.VLAN port membership frequently changes. 3.Robust VLAN management software is available to the network administrator. 4.The overhead required to manage VLAN MAC address and custom filtering tables is not desirable. 5.VLANs are often added, deleted, and modified.

66. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 66 Which of the following describe networks in which the use of static VLANs is appropriate? (Choose three.) 1.Workstations, departments, and network resources are seldom moved. 2.VLAN port membership frequently changes. 3.Robust VLAN management software is available to the network administrator. 4.The overhead required to manage VLAN MAC address and custom filtering tables is not desirable. 5.VLANs are often added, deleted, and modified.

67. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 67 A network administrator has configured a switch with three VLANs: VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3. Port 10 is to be assigned to VLAN3. Which of the following commands are needed to assign port 10 to VLAN3? (Choose three.) 1.Switch_1(config)# switchport interface fastethernet 0/10 2.Switch_1(config-if)# switchport mode access 3.Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access 4.Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 3 5.Switch_1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/10 6.Switch_1# vlan database

68. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 68 A network administrator has configured a switch with three VLANs: VLAN1, VLAN2, and VLAN3. Port 10 is to be assigned to VLAN3. Which of the following commands are needed to assign port 10 to VLAN3? (Choose three.) 1.Switch_1(config)# switchport interface fastethernet 0/10 2.Switch_1(config-if)# switchport mode access 3.Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access 4.Switch_1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 3 5.Switch_1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/10 6.Switch_1# vlan database

69. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 69 What does the phrase microsegmentation with scalability mean? 1.The ability to increase network size without creating collisions domains 2.The ability to put a huge number of hosts on one switch 3.The ability to broadcast to more nodes at once 4.All of the above

70. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 70 What does the phrase microsegmentation with scalability mean? 1.The ability to increase network size without creating collisions domains 2.The ability to put a huge number of hosts on one switch 3.The ability to broadcast to more nodes at once 4.All of the above

71. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 71 What needs to be done when deleting an entire VLAN? (Choose three.) 1.Enter database configuration mode. 2.Reboot the switch in order for the changes to take effect. 3.Use the negative form of the command that was used to create the VLAN. 4.Reassign the switch ports from the deleted VLAN to other VLANs if they are to be used. 5.Use the erase vlan command in global configuration mode. 6.Delete the vlan.dat file from flash.

72. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 72 What needs to be done when deleting an entire VLAN? (Choose three.) 1.Enter database configuration mode. 2.Reboot the switch in order for the changes to take effect. 3.Use the negative form of the command that was used to create the VLAN. 4.Reassign the switch ports from the deleted VLAN to other VLANs if they are to be used. 5.Use the erase vlan command in global configuration mode. 6.Delete the vlan.dat file from flash.

73. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 73 Which approach to assigning VLAN membership maximizes forwarding performance? 1.membership by MAC address 2.membership by logical address 3.membership by protocol 4.membership by port 5.membership by operating system

74. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 74 Which approach to assigning VLAN membership maximizes forwarding performance? 1.membership by MAC address 2.membership by logical address 3.membership by protocol 4.membership by port 5.membership by operating system

75. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 75 How does a bridge handle the frames that it receives? (Choose three.) 1.If the source is unknown, the source port is shutdown. 2.If the source port of a frame is unknown, a bridge will issue an ARP request. 3.If the destination is on another segment, the bridge forwards the frame only to the correct interface. 4.A bridge forwards frames for unknown destinations to the default gateway. 5.If the destination port is unknown, a bridge will flood the frame to all ports in the broadcast domain, except for the source port. 6.If the destination of the frame is on the same segment as the source, a bridge will not forward the frame.

76. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 76 How does a bridge handle the frames that it receives? (Choose three.) 1.If the source is unknown, the source port is shutdown. 2.If the source port of a frame is unknown, a bridge will issue an ARP request. 3.If the destination is on another segment, the bridge forwards the frame only to the correct interface. 4.A bridge forwards frames for unknown destinations to the default gateway. 5.If the destination port is unknown, a bridge will flood the frame to all ports in the broadcast domain, except for the source port. 6.If the destination of the frame is on the same segment as the source, a bridge will not forward the frame.

77. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 77 A network administrator is attempting to configure routing between VLANs over a trunked link. A trunk link cannot be established between a switch and a router. Which of the following are possible sources of this problem? (Choose two.) 1.The router IOS does not support trunking. 2.The port is connected and is not receiving alignment and FCS errors. 3.The switch duplex and speed are not set properly. 4.The router and switch are running different versions of STP. 5.The switch IP address is incorrectly configured.

78. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 78 A network administrator is attempting to configure routing between VLANs over a trunked link. A trunk link cannot be established between a switch and a router. Which of the following are possible sources of this problem? (Choose two.) 1.The router IOS does not support trunking. 2.The port is connected and is not receiving alignment and FCS errors. 3.The switch duplex and speed are not set properly. 4.The router and switch are running different versions of STP. 5.The switch IP address is incorrectly configured.

79. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 79 Which of the following statements are true regarding a root bridge in a spanning tree topology? (Choose two.) 1.The root bridge timers control BPDU traffic on the network. 2.Only the show commands on the switch can display root bridge information. 3.It is the central point of a spanning tree topology. 4.Storm control is enabled by default. 5.VLANs cannot be trunked between switches until the root bridge has been elected.

80. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 80 Which of the following statements are true regarding a root bridge in a spanning tree topology? (Choose two.) 1.The root bridge timers control BPDU traffic on the network. 2.Only the show commands on the switch can display root bridge information. 3.It is the central point of a spanning tree topology. 4.Storm control is enabled by default. 5.VLANs cannot be trunked between switches until the root bridge has been elected.

81. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 81 Which factors influence the number of VLANs that may be required on a switch? (Choose three.) 1.the physical addressing scheme 2.traffic patterns in the network 3.types of applications in use 4.the adaptability of the network 5.workgroup functions and commonality 6.the tagging option used for VLAN identification

82. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 82 Which factors influence the number of VLANs that may be required on a switch? (Choose three.) 1.the physical addressing scheme 2.traffic patterns in the network 3.types of applications in use 4.the adaptability of the network 5.workgroup functions and commonality 6.the tagging option used for VLAN identification

83. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 83 What is true of the method by which VLAN membership is identified in Ethernet frames? (Choose two.) 1.The frame header is in its original format when it reaches the endpoint device. 2.The VLAN membership of frames does not need to be identified unless ISL is in use. 3.The Ethernet frame is encapsulated or modified with the VLAN ID information. 4.The VLAN ID is removed by the endpoint device upon delivery of the frame.

84. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 84 What is true of the method by which VLAN membership is identified in Ethernet frames? (Choose two.) 1.The frame header is in its original format when it reaches the endpoint device. 2.The VLAN membership of frames does not need to be identified unless ISL is in use. 3.The Ethernet frame is encapsulated or modified with the VLAN ID information. 4.The VLAN ID is removed by the endpoint device upon delivery of the frame.

85. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 85 Which of the following commands are used to verify VLAN configuration? (Choose two.) 1.Switch# show vlan id id_number 2.Switch# show vlan 3.Switch# show config vlan id_number 4.Switch# show vlan config id_number 5.Switch# show interface vlan id_number

86. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 86 Which of the following commands are used to verify VLAN configuration? (Choose two.) 1.Switch# show vlan id id_number 2.Switch# show vlan 3.Switch# show config vlan id_number 4.Switch# show vlan config id_number 5.Switch# show interface vlan id_number

87. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 87 VLAN 10 needs to be removed from a switch. Which command must the administrator enter in order to accomplish this task? 1.Switch(config-if)# no switchport access vlan 10 2.Switch(config-if)# erase switchport access vlan 10 3.Switch(vlan)# no vlan 10 4.Switch(vlan)# no vlan database 10

88. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 88 VLAN 10 needs to be removed from a switch. Which command must the administrator enter in order to accomplish this task? 1.Switch(config-if)# no switchport access vlan 10 2.Switch(config-if)# erase switchport access vlan 10 3.Switch(vlan)# no vlan 10 4.Switch(vlan)# no vlan database 10

89. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 89 What needs to be done when deleting an entire VLAN? (Choose three.) 1.Enter database configuration mode. 2.Reboot the switch in order for the changes to take effect. 3.Use the negative form of the command that was used to create the VLAN. 4.Reassign the switch ports from the deleted VLAN to other VLANs if they are to be used. 5.Use the erase vlan command in global configuration mode. 6.Delete the vlan.dat file from flash.

90. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 90 What needs to be done when deleting an entire VLAN? (Choose three.) 1.Enter database configuration mode. 2.Reboot the switch in order for the changes to take effect. 3.Use the negative form of the command that was used to create the VLAN. 4.Reassign the switch ports from the deleted VLAN to other VLANs if they are to be used. 5.Use the erase vlan command in global configuration mode. 6.Delete the vlan.dat file from flash.

91. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 91 Which approach to assigning VLAN membership maximizes forwarding performance? 1.membership by MAC address 2.membership by logical address 3.membership by protocol 4.membership by port 5.membership by operating system

92. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 92 Which approach to assigning VLAN membership maximizes forwarding performance? 1.membership by MAC address 2.membership by logical address 3.membership by protocol 4.membership by port 5.membership by operating system

93. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 93 How does a bridge handle the frames that it receives? (Choose three.) 1.If the source is unknown, the source port is shutdown. 2.If the source port of a frame is unknown, a bridge will issue an ARP request. 3.If the destination is on another segment, the bridge forwards the frame only to the correct interface. 4.A bridge forwards frames for unknown destinations to the default gateway. 5.If the destination port is unknown, a bridge will flood the frame to all ports in the broadcast domain, except for the source port. 6.If the destination of the frame is on the same segment as the source, a bridge will not forward the frame.

94. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 94 How does a bridge handle the frames that it receives? (Choose three.) 1.If the source is unknown, the source port is shutdown. 2.If the source port of a frame is unknown, a bridge will issue an ARP request. 3.If the destination is on another segment, the bridge forwards the frame only to the correct interface. 4.A bridge forwards frames for unknown destinations to the default gateway. 5.If the destination port is unknown, a bridge will flood the frame to all ports in the broadcast domain, except for the source port. 6.If the destination of the frame is on the same segment as the source, a bridge will not forward the frame.

95. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 95 A network administrator is attempting to configure routing between VLANs over a trunked link. A trunk link cannot be established between a switch and a router. Which of the following are possible sources of this problem? (Choose two.) 1.The router IOS does not support trunking. 2.The port is connected and is not receiving alignment and FCS errors. 3.The switch duplex and speed are not set properly. 4.The router and switch are running different versions of STP. 5.The switch IP address is incorrectly configured.

96. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 96 A network administrator is attempting to configure routing between VLANs over a trunked link. A trunk link cannot be established between a switch and a router. Which of the following are possible sources of this problem? (Choose two.) 1.The router IOS does not support trunking. 2.The port is connected and is not receiving alignment and FCS errors. 3.The switch duplex and speed are not set properly. 4.The router and switch are running different versions of STP. 5.The switch IP address is incorrectly configured.

97. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 97 Which of the following statements are true regarding a root bridge in a spanning tree topology? (Choose two.) 1.The root bridge timers control BPDU traffic on the network. 2.Only the show commands on the switch can display root bridge information. 3.It is the central point of a spanning tree topology. 4.Storm control is enabled by default. 5.VLANs cannot be trunked between switches until the root bridge has been elected.

98. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 98 Which of the following statements are true regarding a root bridge in a spanning tree topology? (Choose two.) 1.The root bridge timers control BPDU traffic on the network. 2.Only the show commands on the switch can display root bridge information. 3.It is the central point of a spanning tree topology. 4.Storm control is enabled by default. 5.VLANs cannot be trunked between switches until the root bridge has been elected.

99. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 99 Which factors influence the number of VLANs that may be required on a switch? (Choose three.) 1.the physical addressing scheme 2.traffic patterns in the network 3.types of applications in use 4.the adaptability of the network 5.workgroup functions and commonality 6.the tagging option used for VLAN identification

100. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 100 Which factors influence the number of VLANs that may be required on a switch? (Choose three.) 1.the physical addressing scheme 2.traffic patterns in the network 3.types of applications in use 4.the adaptability of the network 5.workgroup functions and commonality 6.the tagging option used for VLAN identification

101. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 101 What is true of the method by which VLAN membership is identified in Ethernet frames? (Choose two.) 1.The frame header is in its original format when it reaches the endpoint device. 2.The VLAN membership of frames does not need to be identified unless ISL is in use. 3.The Ethernet frame is encapsulated or modified with the VLAN ID information. 4.The VLAN ID is removed by the endpoint device upon delivery of the frame.

102. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 102 What is true of the method by which VLAN membership is identified in Ethernet frames? (Choose two.) 1.The frame header is in its original format when it reaches the endpoint device. 2.The VLAN membership of frames does not need to be identified unless ISL is in use. 3.The Ethernet frame is encapsulated or modified with the VLAN ID information. 4.The VLAN ID is removed by the endpoint device upon delivery of the frame.

103. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 103 Which of the following commands are used to verify VLAN configuration? (Choose two.) 1.Switch# show vlan id id_number 2.Switch# show vlan 3.Switch# show config vlan id_number 4.Switch# show vlan config id_number 5.Switch# show interface vlan id_number

104. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 104 Which of the following commands are used to verify VLAN configuration? (Choose two.) 1.Switch# show vlan id id_number 2.Switch# show vlan 3.Switch# show config vlan id_number 4.Switch# show vlan config id_number 5.Switch# show interface vlan id_number

105. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 105 VLAN 10 needs to be removed from a switch. Which command must the administrator enter in order to accomplish this task? 1.Switch(config-if)# no switchport access vlan 10 2.Switch(config-if)# erase switchport access vlan 10 3.Switch(vlan)# no vlan 10 4.Switch(vlan)# no vlan database 10

106. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 106 VLAN 10 needs to be removed from a switch. Which command must the administrator enter in order to accomplish this task? 1.Switch(config-if)# no switchport access vlan 10 2.Switch(config-if)# erase switchport access vlan 10 3.Switch(vlan)# no vlan 10 4.Switch(vlan)# no vlan database 10

107. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 107 Module 3 VLANS END