1. Chapter 4 Year 12 Legal Studies

2.  Single entities coming together to form one single entity  1800’s British colonies  Each colony makes laws on its own behalf  1870’s and 1880’s fear of invasion  1891 conventions  Framing of the federal constitution  States reluctant to give up all their powers  Powers given for nation – defence and coining money

3.  Colonies become states  States have their own parliaments  The Commonwealth Parliament established  Came into force 1 January 1901

4.  An British Act of parliament that provides a framework within the Commonwealth Parliament and the High Court was established.  Sets out the power of the Commonwealth Parliament  It tells the states and the Commonwealth what they can do and cannot do with respect to law making

5.  Outlines the structure of the Commonwealth Parliament  The composition of both the House of Representatives and the Senate  It list the legislative powers of the Commonwealth Parliament  The power of the High Court to interpret the constitution.

6.  Specific powers Exclusive – Areas only Clth can Legislate Concurrent - Both Clth and State can legislate  Residual Powers – Left out of the consitution at the time of federation. Left with the states

7.  Residual powers – e.g. law enforcement. Environment, public transport, education, health  S106  S107  S108  S121 (see page 111)

8.  Section 51 (39 heads of power plus 1) (see page 111)  Exclusive powers (made exclusive by other sections) S 51 (xii) currency, coining and legal tender s115 S51 (iii) customs and excise s90 S51 (vi) naval and militarys114  Some powers made exclusive by their nature (page1 14)

9.  Examples – Taxation, marriage  Section 109 ‘if there is a conflict between state and commonwealth legislation an area of concurrent law making power, the commonwealth law will prevail to the extent of the inconsistency between the two pieces of legislation and the inconsistent state law will be invalid.’

10.  John McBain v The State of Victoria & Ors (2000)  Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty Ltd v Wardley

11.  Page 118  S114  S115  S90  S92  109

12.  S106, 108  Residual powers  S116  S117  S99  S92  S51(xxxi)  S51 (ii)  s128

13.  REFERENDUM  Section 128 1. Double Majority – pass both houses 2. Majority of voters 3. Majority of states

14.  Summarise Pages 109 to 137  Complete Questions 1 to 17