1. The Nazis terrorized the A.T.L.A.N.T.I.C. Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

2. A. Allied ships sunk by U-boats  “U-boats” are German submarines (“unterseeboot” in German  Allied merchant ships were torpedoed at a rapid pace, threatening the survival of Great Britain Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

3. T. Terrible losses Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance  In the course of the war, 36,000 were lost in the war on the Allied side  Allied lost 3,500 ships  By war’s end, the Allies will kill around 30,000 U-boat sailors

4. L. Liberty Ship  The Liberty ship was an American built cargo ship used to replace lost merchant ships  American naval shipyards could build these ships quickly  One Liberty ship was built in record time of four days and fifteen and a half hours  2,751 Liberty ships built during World War II  They were 441 feet and carried 10,800 tons of supplies Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

5. A. American eastern seaboard hit  From February to May, 1942, 348 ships were sunk off the U.S. coast by German U-boats Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

6. N. Nazi “wolf-packs”  German Admiral Karl Donitz introduced the “wolf pack” strategy  One U-boat would follow a convoy and then radio a large group of U-boats to converge on and sink multiple ships Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

7. T. Tactic: “creeping attack”  British Captain F. J. “Johnnie” Walker used a new anti- submarine strategy known as “creeping attack”  While one ship located a sub with new “SONAR” technology, Walker, he crept up on it and dropped depth charges  Walker’s strategy was highly effective and he sank twenty U- boats on his own Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

8. I. Invention of SONAR  SONAR was an invention of the British (although they called it ASDIC)  SONAR (also known as radar) is short for “sound navigation and ranging” and allowed the Allies to find and track Nazi submarines  SONAR was a chief weapon used to counter U-boats in the Battle of the Atlantic Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance

9. C. Convoy system  The convoy system was a counter U-boat strategy of grouping ships together for protection  Often merchants (or troop) ships were placed in the center with naval escorts (including friendly submarines) on the outside Chapter 7: Leading the Grand Alliance