2. ACM 97 Toward a truly personal computer Pattie Maes MIT Media Lab Firefly Network, Inc pattie@media.mit.edu

3. ACM 97 THE NEXT 50 YEARS OF COMPUTING ACM 97

4. Copyright  1997 ACM, Association for Computing The files on this disk or server have been provided by ACM. Copyright and all rights therein are maintained by ACM. It is understood that all persons copying this information will adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by ACM’s copyright. These works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of ACM. Reuse and/or reposting for noncommercial classroom use is permitted. Questions regarding usage rights and permissions may be addressed to: permissions@acm.org THE NEXT 50 YEARS OF COMPUTING

5. ACM 97 James Burke Master of Ceremonies

6. ACM 97

7. PATTIE MAES

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10. 50 years of ACM 50 years of AI Artificial Intelligence (AI): goal: build intelligent machines justification: – understand intelligence – practical applications

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13. AI’s holy grail

14. ACM 97 Cog project (Brooks, MIT)

15. ACM 97 Cog project (Brooks, MIT)

16. ACM 97 Next 50 yrs: IA rather than AI? Intelligence Augmentation: human + machine = super intelligence

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18. Next 50 yrs: IA rather than AI? Intelligence Augmentation: human + machine = super intelligence

19. ACM 97 History of prosthetics Overcoming physical limitations: – glasses – hearing aids – cars – bicycles – voice synthesizers –...

20. ACM 97 Why do we need prosthetics for the mind? Overcoming cognitive limitations: – lousy memory – only dealing with one thing at a time – probabilities, logic non-intuitive – slow to process large amounts of information –...

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22. Why do we need prosthetics for the mind? mismatch complexity of our lives & our cognitive abilities: – too many things to keep track of – information overload – learn & remember more –...

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25. People are good at: judgement understanding reasoning, problem solving creativity

26. ACM 97 Computers are good at: remembering lots of facts searching lots of information being in many places at once multi-tasking

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28. Some examples of intelligence augmentation memory augmentation “extra eyes, ears” automation behavior patterns information filtering matchmakers transactions

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30. Remembrance agent (MIT Media Lab)

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32. Remembrance agent (MIT Media Lab)

33. ACM 97 Memory augmentation help remember people, places, names, actions,... provide "just-in-time" information

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35. Memory augmentation help remember people, places, names, actions,... provide "just-in-time" information

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37. Remembrance agent

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39. Extra eyes, ears,... monitors for bits as well as atoms: – unusual  price stocks – has certain site changed? – need more milk? – is there fresh coffee? –...

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41. Extra eyes, ears,... monitors for bits as well as atoms: – unusual  price stocks – has certain site changed? – need more milk? – is there fresh coffee? –...

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43. Automation behavior patterns (Media Lab)

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45. Automation behavior patterns (Media Lab)

46. ACM 97 Information Filtering personal INFO information FILTERED INFO user filter user interest profile

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48. Information Filtering personal INFO information FILTERED INFO user filter user interest profile

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53. Yenta (MIT Media Lab) agent (user profile)

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55. Yenta (MIT Media Lab) agent (user profile)

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57. Kasbah (MIT Media Lab)

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59. Kasbah example selling agent Sell: Macintosh IIci – Deadline: March 10th,1997 – Start price: $900.00 – Min. price: $700.00 – Strategy: tough bargainer – Location: local – Level of Autonomy: check before transaction – Reporting Method: event driven

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61. Kasbah example selling agent Sell: Macintosh IIci – Deadline: March 10th,1997 – Start price: $900.00 – Min. price: $700.00 – Strategy: tough bargainer – Location: local – Level of Autonomy: check before transaction – Reporting Method: event driven

62. ACM 97 Putting it all together Example scenarios: – monitoring agents & remembrance agents – shopping agents & matchmaking agents – eager assistants & filtering agents –...

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66. Hardware: “wearable computers”

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68. Hardware: “things that think” embedded sensors processors communications

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70. Software: “Agents” Software that is: personalized proactive autonomous, long-lived adaptive

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72. Software: “Digital Ecologies” collections of people & machines: perform tasks in radically distributed way very adaptive collaboration, competition, natural selection & evolution

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74. “The network is the computer” TM small efforts by many, rather than large efforts by few result in increased: – efficiency – adaptivity – robustness

75. ACM 97 Design challenges TRUST between human and computer: understanding control privacy

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77. Design challenges TRUST between human and computer: understanding control privacy

78. ACM 97 James Burke Master of Ceremonies

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88. Pattie Maes