2. 1.4 – Interaction of Respiratory & Circulatory Systems

3. Circulatory System Transports dissolved gases & nutrients to cells in the body Heart muscle contractions produce pressure so that blood can be pumped around the body Valves close after blood is pushed through them to prevent blood from flowing backwards Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood and nutrients like glucose to cells Veins carry oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood and wastes like CO 2 that need to be removed from body

4. The Heart: The Body’s Pump Before being dispersed through the body, blood flows through:  all 4 chambers of the heart  the lungs

5. The Workhorse of the Circulatory System 1 – from body to right atrium 2 – right ventricle to lungs for gas exchange 3 – from lungs to left atrium 4 – left ventricle to body 1 2 3 4

6. The Path of Blood in the Body Blood from body: Vein (vena cava)  Right atrium  Right ventricle  Lungs (pulmonary arteries, then pulmonary veins)  Left atrium  Left ventricle  Artery (aorta)  Blood circulates to body

7. Blood in the Heart & Lungs Blood returning from the body is oxygen-poor  carries CO 2 waste from cell respiration Blood returning from the lungs is oxygenated  bright red due to the high O 2 content The circulatory system and respiratory system work together

8. Teamwork is a Beautiful Thing The circulatory system and respiratory system work together to deliver nutrients to the body’s cells  blood is a part of the circulatory system  lungs are a part of the respiratory system gas exchange = taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide in the lungs

9. Gas Exchange

10. Capillaries Networks of very thin blood vessels (only 1 skin cell thick!) They deliver oxygen & nutrients and pick up waste materials from cells in tissues in every organ in the body Trace the path of blood in the diagram with your finger, starting at one point and returning to it KAP-ill-air-eez

12. Quiz time! 1.Name the circulatory system’s major job. 2.Name the 4 main chambers of the heart. 3.What do the valves in the heart do? 4.What system does the circulatory system work with so gas exchange can take place? 5.What are capillaries? What do they do?

13. Respiratory System Responsible for gas exchange (O 2 in, CO 2 out) so the body’s cells can:  gain the nutrients they needs  get rid of the wastes they produce Consists of the lungs & airways The diaphragm can also be considered part of this system  it’s a muscle that contracts when you breathe  allows room for your lungs to expand so they can take in air  when you breathe in, your rib cage moves up & out, causing pressure to build up this causes air to be pulled into your body through your nose or mouth

15. Use Your Nose! The air your breathe in passes by epithelial cells in your nasal cavity  cells have tiny, hair-like projections called cilia  they also secrete mucus Both cilia & mucus keep foreign particles like allergens, bacteria, and toxins out of your body

16. Pharynx  Trachea  Bronchi Air moves from the throat (pharynx) to your windpipe (trachea)  a small flap called the epiglottis opens and closes so no food ends up in the trachea From the trachea, the single pipe splits into two, called bronchi  each bronchi goes to a lung

17. Bronchi  Bronchioles  Alveoli Bronchi then branch out into smaller tubes called bronchioles  bronchioles are woven into the lung tissue Bronchioles divide into tiny sacs called alveoli Capillaries surround the alveoli  it is here that gas exchange takes place

18. Alveoli Tiny clusters of air sacs in the lung hhave a very thin epithelial (skin) layer ggases can cross, but bacteria and other harmful substances cannot O 2 and CO 2 are exchanged with blood (red blood cells) in the capillaries OO 2 diffuses from alveoli to blood CCO 2 diffuses from blood to alveoli to be exhaled from the lungs RBCs contain hemoglobin, which binds O 2 so that it can be carried through the body

19. Alveoli are the tiny heroes of the respiratory system!

20. Alveoli       Mouth When your diaphragm & chest muscles relax, you exhale  CO 2 gathered by the alveoli is expelled through the lungs by breathing out When CO 2 levels get too high, your breathing rate increases so CO 2 can be expelled quicker

21. The Path of Gases into Your Body Air outside body Nose / Mouth  Throat (pharynx)  Windpipe (trachea)  Bronchi  Lungs (bronchioles)  Alveoli Gas exchange

22. Review #2… yahoo! 1.Name 2 major organs of the respiratory system. 2.Why should you always breathe in through your nose? 3.What is the structure in the lung where gas exchange takes place? Name 2 gases that are exchanged here. 4.Why does your breathing rate increase when you’re exercising?

23. Systems Interactions 1.How are the circulatory & respiratory systems related? 2.Name the tiny structures in each system that work together so humans can get the nutrients they need to their cells to survive. 3.Are there machines that can do the job of the heart or lungs? If so, name or explain them.

24. Make a Set of Lungs Refer to p. 66 of your textbook to make yourself a pair of lungs that mimic our lungs Already done this activity in elementary school? Try the activity on p. 67  make a scaled version of our digestive systems using the measurements given to you in your textbook and the materials on the front bench