1. 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt 2pt 3 pt 4 pt 1 pt Vocab Roman Leaders/Reformers Julius Caesar After the Punic Wars… Primary or Secondary Source?

2. Large estates owned by patricians

3. latifundias

4. tax collectors

5. publicans

6. absolute ruler

7. dictator

8. In your own words, define: -primary source and -secondary source

9. (varies)

10. What is a triumvirate? Name three other words that contain the prefix ‘tri’ meaning three

11. three rulers with equal power; (varies)

12. Dictator who stated that army commanders had to rotate after 1 year

13. (Lucius Cornelius) Sulla

14. Name the members of the first triumvirate (last names)

15. -Crassus -Pompey -Caesar

16. Reformer who was murdered by the Senate; he thought public land should be divided and given to the poor

17. Tiberius Gracchus

18. General Marius enticed the poor to join the army by offering:

19. -pay -land -pension -booty

20. Explain what happened to each member of the triumvirate

21. -Crassus: killed after battle -Pompey: killed by Egyptians; head delivered to Caesar -Caesar ruled Rome; became dictator

22. The Ides of March is what date? What does ‘ides’ mean in Latin?

23. March 15 “to divide”

24. Name four of Caesar’s accomplishments

25. Founded colonies overseas (gave this land to ex-soldiers that had none) Built roads, buildings, and drained marshes (gave jobs to poor). New calendar Cut back activities of publicans (tax collectors) Conquered new land (France and Belgium) Free gladiatorial games Doubled senate Gave Roman citizenship to Greeks, Spaniards, & Gauls Built a large, strong, loyal army

26. Before crossing the Rubicon River, he said, “the die is cast”. What did he mean?

27. (varies; there is no turning back, it is in fate’s hands)

28. Give an example from class (primary sources, documentary, etc.) that illustrates how highly he thought of himself

29. (varies – the way he treated the pirates that held him hostage, etc)

30. List three adjectives to describe Caesar with evidence to support each

31. (varies)

32. Why was getting a job so difficult during this time?

33. slaves were used because they worked for free

34. What was the one definite way poor people could get money?

35. by selling their votes to politicians

36. Describe what happened with the tax collectors

37. paid $ for contract could collect taxes from certain territories supposed to collect no more than 10%, but abused the system took extra $ from people and pocketed it for themselves

38. Describe three conditions the ex-farmers dealt with in the apartments in Rome

39. no sewers crowded/small unsafe→ collapsed frequently fires diseases

40. Explain how the decline of the Roman Republic impacted merchants and artisans

41. Patricians bought luxury items elsewhere; merchants and artisans lost business; they dropped to the lower class (from the middle class) and became poor

42. driver’s license

43. primary source (official govt document)

44. a reproduction of George Washington’s wig

45. secondary source (it was not worn by him)

46. The quote, “The die is cast” by Julius Caesar

47. primary source (direct quote)

48. The Declaration of Independence

49. primary source (original document from the time period)

50. The Mona Lisa (painting by Leonardo da Vinci)

51. primary source (artwork from the time period)