1. Claim, Evidence, Reasoning and Experimental Design Review

2. 1. Support with evidence the claim that natural selection acts on phenotypic variation in populations. Provide a reasoning that connects the evidence to the claim. 2. Name two specific evidence that support the common origin of life. Provide a reasoning to connect your evidence to the claim. 3. Justify the claim that free energy is required for living systems to maintain organization, to grow or to reproduce. 4. Construct an explanation of structures that could be used in cells to capture, store or use free energy.

3. 5. Explain how organisms can use negative feedback to maintain their internal environment. 6. Design an experiment to collect data on how single celled organisms are affected by the concentration of chlorine (a disinfectant) in water. 7. Design an experiment to collect data on how mycorhizzae (microscopic fungi) form a symbiotic relationship with oak tree seedlings. 8. Design an experiment to collect data on how circadian rhythms affect the sensitivity to pheromones in ants.

4. 9. Design an experiment that supports that claim that DNA is responsible for inheritance. 10. Predict how a deletion mutation of 4 nucleotide in a gene that codes for a 450 amino acid sequence could alter the polypeptide that is produced from the gene. 11. Construct a model to show how meiosis transforms traits from parents to offspring. 12. Give a specific example of an inheritance pattern that cannot be explained by Mendel’s model of inheritance of traits.

5. 13. Create a visual representation to describe how gene regulation influences the production of lactose digesting enzymes in bacteria. 14. List, compare and contrast three processes by which genetic variation can be produced and maintained – In bacteria – In humans 15. Construct an explanation of how viruses can introduce genetic variation in a host organism. 16. Generate two scientific questions involving cell communication as it relates to the process of evolution.

6. 17. Look at the image below and determine the type of mutation and the result of the mutation that occurred. 18. Predict the effect of this mutation on the organism.

7. 19. Create a representation to compare cell communication with a local signal and with a hormone. 20. Create a model that expresses the key elements of signal transduction pathways with a polar signal molecule. 21. Anesthetics bind with pain receptors and block them. Explain the affect of anesthetics on these receptor cells. 22. Describe the type of external cues that animals sense to live in a colony.

8. 23. Describe how neurons transmit information along the axon. 24. Describe how the vertebrate brain integrates information to produce a response. 25. Create a visual representation to describe how the nervous system detect signals. 26. Create a visual representation to describe how neurons pass on information to other neurons. 27. Explain the connection between the monomers of proteins and the properties of that protein.

9. 28. Explain the connection between the monomers of carbohydrates and the properties of polysaccharides. 29. Explain how one specific interaction among cell organelles provide an essential function to the cell or the entire organism. 30. Explain how interactions between the respiratory and circulatory systems are significant in complex organisms. 31. Predict the effect of spraying a herbicide on the entire community of a given area.

10. 32. Predict how the energy supply changes in an ecosystem if locusts destroy a field of grass that was the main producer in the area. (consider both short term and long term changes) 33. Analyze the role of the rescue agent on formation of the protein.

11. 34. Explain how rumen communities of bacteria can interact with each other and their host organism. 35. Analyze the species distribution data below and explain the effect of quagga mussels on the local communities.

12. 35. Explain how variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions. 36. Explain how diversity is significant in the adaptive immune system of organisms. 37. Predict the consequences of global climate change on the local and global scale. 38. Provide one specific example of the influence of an environmental factor on the phenotype of organisms. 39. Predict how increased species diversity influence the stability of an ecosystem.