1. Westward Expansion

2. In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states –The average family had five children !! 50 Years Later…

4. Push Factors “THE MOTIVATION” What causes people to leave?

5. Push Factors to the West Overcrowding (you need a new place to live) Need for jobs (displaced workers) Ethnic/Religious repression Refuge for outlaws

6. Push Factors Think about... What “pushed” you out of bed today?

7. Pull Factors “THE INSPIRATION” What leads people to a particular area?

8. Land (cheap and plentiful) (you want a new place to live) Riches (gold, silver, later oil) Freedom of religion/beliefs Family connections Jobs and new opportunities

9. Adventure!

10. Or maybe to find love ??

11. Pull Factors Think about this... What “pulled” you to SS today?

12. Incentives to go west included: The Pacific Railways Act –granted railroad company’s 10 square miles on either side of each track laid west Morrill-Land Grants –land grants from states to educational facilities with curriculum tied to agriculture and mechanical arts –(Texas A&M, Oklahoma A&M etc..)

13. Incentives to go west included: Homestead Act – for approximately $10, settlers could have 160 acres of western land, if they met certain criteria: American citizens who were 21 years or older, or the head of a household Built a home on their lot, and lived in it at least 6 mos. of the year Farmed the land for 5 years or more

14. Why did the government encourage so many Americans to go west? A belief in the philosophy of Manifest Destiny, which stated that …..

15. …. God, …, clearly wanted hard– working American(s) to occupy North America. It was inevitable and good that the United States occupy the continent “from sea to shining sea.”

16. It is, he wrote, “our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.” John L. O’Sullivan gave these ideas a name: Manifest Destiny.

20. Were there any specific incentives for groups of people to travel west?

21. What were some of the issues preventing western expansion? Financially Expensive Long Journey Uncharted Territory Fear of the Unknown Climate and Geography Native Americans Foreign Claims to the Land

22. If we wanted the land, how could we acquire it? War Purchase Theft Trade Land Grants

23. Once we’ve decided to go west, how did we get there?

24. on steam powered boats

25. Wagon Trains

26. On Horseback

27. Stagecoach

28. Locomotive

29. Most often – WALKING!!!

34. Transcontinental Railroad Connected the East Coast w/ the West Coast 2 Companies 1.Central Pacific Railroad 2.Union Pacific Railroad

35. Central Pacific Railroad Moved east out of Sacramento, CA Used Chinese Immigrants to lay track

38. Union Pacific Railroad Moved west out of Omaha, NB Used Irish Immigrants to lay track

39. Transcontinental Railroad Took 7yrs to complete May 10, 1869 @ Promontory Point Pres. Grant connected two lines w/ a golden spike Time Zone were then created to keep trains on time.

41. Exodusters Groups of African Am. moved west. Led by Benjamin “Pap” Singleton Get away from harsh treatment

46. Exodusters Where did they get their name? BIBLE – Book of Exodus

47. Farming Harsh Conditions Dry Farming – crops that don’t need much water Bonanza Farms – farm controlled by large businesses – grew single crop

48. Mining Gold & Silver strikes all over the west Mining towns scattered all over west – mostly men

49. Mining Placer Mining – shovel loose dirt into boxes/ pans then run water over it. Once metals gone towns became ghost towns

51. Cattle Industry Growing pop. = demand for more beef Problem: How to get cattle from TX ranches to railway centers in the north?

52. Cattle Industry Long Drive – transporting cattle from ranges to cow towns/ railway centers Cowboys helped move cattle

53. Cattle Industry Farmers against cattle drives Barbed Wire – invented by Joseph Glidden ended the Long Drive

54. Populist Party Created by Farm and Labor Leaders

55. Populist Party Increase circulation of $ Unlimited printing of silver Progressive Income Tax – % of taxes owed increases w/ income

56. Populist Party Gov’t control of communication & transportation 8 hour work day

57. Problems for Western Settlers Drinking Water – collected rain water –“Prairie Fever” or Typhoid Solution: Dig Wells –DANGEROUS!

59. Problems for Western Settlers Squatters – people who moved onto land that doesn’t belong to them Women find ways to preserve food, make clothing, soap, & candles

62. Native American Wars

63. Indian Removal Act 1830’s Pres. Andrew Jackson removed all major Nat. Am. Tribes to the west of the MS River (Oklahoma) Trail of Tears Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, & Seminole

66. Native American Wars Many Tribes signed land treaties They were then put on reservations – federal land set aside for Nat. Am. Tribes

67. Apache Wars – began during the Civil War in 1861; lasted 25 years Apache were forced onto reservations Native American Wars

69. Geronimo – famous Apache leader

70. Native American Wars Sand Creek Massacre – US troops led by Col. John Chivington raided a Cheyenne camp 450 men, women, & children were killed in the raid Cheyenne tribe will surrender a yr later

74. Native American Wars First Sioux War – started in 1866 when gov’t started building a road through their land Sioux attacked the men killing 80.

76. Native American Wars Sioux agreed to live on a reservation in the Dakota Territory 1875 US gov’t violated the treaty General George Armstrong Custer sent on mission to “explore” the territory and his geologists discover small gold deposits Gold miners flood the land

77. Native American Wars Second Sioux War – Sitting Bull & Crazy Horse led a small band off reservation. Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer- leader of 7 th Cavalry; was set after Sioux

79. Sitting Bull Crazy Horse

81. Native American Wars - 1876 Battle of Little Big Horn – the Sioux had joined forces w/ other tribes Col. Custer & 200 of his men died in the battle

84. “Custer’s Last Stand”

85. Battle of Little Big Horn by “Kicking Bear”

86. Native American Wars A Victory? The Sioux did win the battle, but…. Government response is swift and harsh! Troops flood the region Sioux forced to return to reservation and stay there! Speeds the demise of tribal life!

87. Crazy Horse is killed the following year when he is caught leaving the reservation

88. The Ghost Dance Now that armed resisted was over, many Sioux sought spiritual guidance. The "Ghost Dance“ spread rapidly It foretold of an Indian messiah who would free them from the white man and bring the buffalo …also, that true believers would be impervious to white man bullets…

89. Fear of the Ghost Dance! In 1890, Sitting Bull (a supporter of the Ghost Dance movement) is shot and killed while “resisting” arrest.

90. Native American Wars Massacre at Wounded Knee – Sitting Bull’s followers left res. to perform Ghost Dance but are forced to return to Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation 7 th Calvary (remember them?) – killed 200 unarmed Sioux

95. Extinction of the Buffalo Railroad – killed to feed workers Settlers – killed for hides/fun Gov’t – killed them to force Native Americans to assimilate Population rebounding

97. Dawes Act - 1887 Gave plots of land to Native Am families Land not good for farming Not interested in farming Assimilation of Native Americans to white culture.

100. Indian Territory Present Day Oklahoma Gov’t gave away 2 million acres of Indian land to whites April 22, 1889 – Great Race – over 10,000 settlers raced for claims

101. People who left too soon were called…Sooners!

103. Indian Territory Boomer – settler who rushed into the land legally Sooner – settler who marked land before the race illegally

104. Western Legends Buffalo Soldiers – name give to African Am. Cavalry

105. Western Legends Pony Express – Relay mail delivery system

107. Western Legends Deadwood Dick Nat Love African Am cowboy & rodeo star

108. Western Legends Jesse James Led gang w/ bro Robbed banks & trains

110. Western Legends Billy the Kid William Boney Hired Gun Stole Cattle

111. Western Legends Butch Cassidy Led Wild Bunch Robbed banks & trains

112. Western Legends Sundance Kid Henry Laughabough Butch Cassidy’s partner

114. Western Legends Doc Holiday John Holdiay Dentist turned gambler Gunfight @ OK Corral

115. Western Legends Wyatt Earp US Marshall Doc’s friend Gunfight @ OK Corral

116. Western Legends Bat Masterson Town Sherriff Friend of Wyatt Earp

117. Western Legends Wild Bill Hickock James Hickock Town Sherriff Killed playing poker

118. Western Legends Buffalo Bill Bill Cody Army Scout Showman

119. Western Legends Annie Oakley Expert markswomen Part of Buffalo Bill’s show

120. Western Legends Calamity Jane Martha Jane Cannary Army Scout