1. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The Chemistry of LIFE!!

2. All living organisms require 4 types of Organic Compounds: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids **All contain**: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

3. 1. Carbohydrates All carbs contain C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio Functions: Energy & structural support Exist as: a.Monosaccharides b.Disaccharides c.polysaccharides

4. a.Monosaccharide “simple sugar” 3 Forms 1.Glucose - made by plants; source of energy 2. Fructose - found in fruits; Sweetest!! 3.Galactose – found in milk These are ISOMERS – same chemical formula but different structures.

5. b.Disaccharide “double sugar” 3 Forms 1.Sucrose – Table Sugar glucose + fructose 2.Maltose - Malt Sugar glucose + glucose 3.Lactose – Milk Sugar glucose + galactose

6. How do monosaccharides form disaccharides? Hydrolysis Dehydration synthesis

7. c.Polysaccharide “Many Sugars” 3 Forms – All composed of repeating units of glucose. 1.Glycogen – Energy storage in animals. (Liver & Muscles) 2.Starch - Energy storage in plants (Roots, Stems, Leaves) 3.Cellulose - Gives strength & rigidity to plant cell (Fiber  Prevents Colon Cancer)

11. Pectin & Carrageenan