2. Organic Chemistry Notes

3. All organic compounds contain carbon. Carbon is able to form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms and many other elements easily. Polymer- a large compound formed by smaller compounds bound together.

4. 4 Macromolecules Carbohydrates  Organic compound Composed of C, H, and O Ratio of 2H:1O:1C Used to store and release energy

5. 3 Types of Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: one sugar molecule (glucose, fructose) Disaccharide: two sugar molecule (sucrose) Polysaccharide: polymers of many monosaccharides, 3 or more sugar molecule (starch, cellulose, glycogen)

6. Fats Organic compounds with a large number of C-H bonds and less oxygen Used for long term energy storage, insulation, protective coatings, and protection around organs. Consists of 3 fatty acids bonded to a molecule of glycerol 2. Lipids

7.  Large, complex polymer  Composed of C, H, O, N & some S  Amino acids: basic building blocks of proteins (20 amino acids total)  Used for muscle contraction, transporting O 2 in blood, immunity, hair and skin.  Consists of amino acids bonded together.  Enzymes: protein that speeds up a chemical reaction 3. Proteins

8. 4 shapes of proteins Primary structure First Level

9. Secondary structureTertiary structure

10. Quaternary structure

11. Complex macromolecule Uses: stores cellular information in the form of a code, DNA and RNA work together to form proteins in the body Made up of nucleotides: which consist of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base Nucleotides form DNA and RNA strands 4. Nucleic Acids