1. CHINA

2. Communism Spreads East China China  Devastated by war  Peasants like communism  Mao Zedong  Hiding out in North, civil war was being fought when Japanese attacked

3. Nationalists pro-democracy Nationalists pro-democracy  Chiang Kai-shek  Strongholds in South  Mismanagement of U.S. $ Communists win city by city Communists win city by city  1949 China falls to Mao  Chiang flees to Formosa

4. Civil War A. By 1945, China had two governments The Nationalist government of Chiang Kai- shek, based in southern and central China The Nationalist government of Chiang Kai- shek, based in southern and central China The Communist government led by Mao Zedong, based in North China. The Communist government led by Mao Zedong, based in North China.

5. Civil War B. In 1945, war between the Nationalists and the Communists broke out. Millions of peasants joined Mao’s People’s Liberation Army because they were promised land. Millions of peasants joined Mao’s People’s Liberation Army because they were promised land. Mao’s Communist army defeated the Nationalist army. Mao’s Communist army defeated the Nationalist army. Chiang and his followers fled to Taiwan. Chiang and his followers fled to Taiwan. The Communist Party now ruled China. The Communist Party now ruled China.

7. C. In 1955, the Chinese government started a program to build a socialist society. Most private farmland was collectivized, and most industry and commerce was nationalized. Most private farmland was collectivized, and most industry and commerce was nationalized.

8. Great Leap Forward Program D. In 1958, Mao introduced the Great Leap Forward. D. In 1958, Mao introduced the Great Leap Forward. Combined collective farms into large communes. Combined collective farms into large communes. Program failed miserably, and millions of Chinese died of starvation. Program failed miserably, and millions of Chinese died of starvation. The program was abandoned in 1960. The program was abandoned in 1960.

9. Cultural Revolution E. Mao believed that only permanent revolution, an atmosphere of constant revolutionary fever, could produce the final stage of communism, a classless society. In 1960, Mao started the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution to create a working class culture. In 1960, Mao started the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution to create a working class culture.

10. Cultural Revolution The Little Red Book, a collection of Mao’s thoughts, provided knowledge in all areas. The Little Red Book, a collection of Mao’s thoughts, provided knowledge in all areas. The Red Guards were formed to eliminate the “Four Olds” The Red Guards were formed to eliminate the “Four Olds”  Old ideas  Old culture  Old customs  Old habits

12. Cultural Revolution F. People who did not follow Mao’s program were viciously attacked. Intellectuals and artists, accused of being pro-Western, were especially targeted. Intellectuals and artists, accused of being pro-Western, were especially targeted. G. Key groups of Chinese, disgusted by the actions of the Red Guard, began to turn against the Cultural Revolution.

13. Deng Xiaoping A. After Mao Zedong’s death in 1976, Deng Xiaoping and his practical- minded reform group gained control of China. They ended the Cultural Revolution. They ended the Cultural Revolution.

14. Deng Xiaoping B. Deng Xiaoping’s government followed a policy called the Four Modernizations  Industry  Agriculture  Technology  National defense. Overall, modernization worked with per capita income and the standard of living of most Chinese increased. Overall, modernization worked with per capita income and the standard of living of most Chinese increased.

15. Call for Democracy C. In the late 1980s, as many Chinese began to study abroad, information about Western society reached educated people in China. They called for democracy. They called for democracy. D. In 1989, student protesters called for an end to corruption and demanded the resignation of Communist Party leaders. Demonstrators in Tiananmen Square in Beijing were crushed by Chinese tanks and troops. Demonstrators in Tiananmen Square in Beijing were crushed by Chinese tanks and troops.

17. Strained Relations with West E. The1990s Human rights violations, Human rights violations, Desire to unify with Taiwan Desire to unify with Taiwan Increasing military power Increasing military power

18. Family Traditions A. Under the Communist Party rule, women were allowed to take part in politics and were given equal rights with men. The Communist regime tried to destroy the influence of the traditional family system. The Communist regime tried to destroy the influence of the traditional family system. B. After the death of Mao Zedong, China experienced a return to family traditions.

19. China Today C. Today, many young Chinese have adopted Western styles. D. In 1979, China implemented a one-child policy to control population growth. In 2000, China’s population stood at more than 1.29 billion. In 2000, China’s population stood at more than 1.29 billion. The policy has been more successful in urban areas than in rural ones. The policy has been more successful in urban areas than in rural ones.

20. China and the Superpowers E. In the late 1950s and 1960s, relations between China and the Soviet Union deteriorated. In 1972, President Richard Nixon became the first United States president to visit the People’s Republic of China. In 1972, President Richard Nixon became the first United States president to visit the People’s Republic of China. In 1979, China and the United States established diplomatic ties. In 1979, China and the United States established diplomatic ties. Chinese relations with the Soviet Union improved in the 1980s. Chinese relations with the Soviet Union improved in the 1980s.

21. China Today F. By the 1990s, China was playing an increasingly active role in Asian affairs. By 2002, trade relations with the United States were normalized, and China joined the World Trade Organization. By 2002, trade relations with the United States were normalized, and China joined the World Trade Organization.